ATI CBC LEVEL 2 TEST - 200 QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND DEATILED RATIONALE

ATI CBC LEVEL 2 TEST - 200 QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND DEATILED RATIONALE 1. A nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. The client's arterial blood gases reveal metabolic acidosis. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply) A. Tachycardia B. Hypertension C. Bounding pulses D. Hyperreflexia E. Dysrhythmia F. Tachypnea Correct Answer: A, E, F Rationale: Metabolic acidosis causes tachycardia, dysrhythmias, and tachypnea (Kussmaul respirations). Hypotension (not hypertension) occurs with weak pulses. Hyperreflexia is associated with metabolic alkalosis. ________________________________________ 2. A nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy who was found unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin nearby. Vital signs: BP 104/72, HR 116, RR 42 and deep. Which ABG result should the nurse expect? A. pH 7.68, PaCO2 38, HCO3 28 B. pH 7.48, PaCO2 28, HCO3 23 C. pH 6.98, PaCO2 30, HCO3 18 D. pH 7.52, PaCO2 48, HCO3 32 Correct Answer: C Rationale: Aspirin toxicity causes metabolic acidosis with low pH, low HCO3, and compensatory low PaCO2 from hyperventilation. Option C shows severe acidosis with pH 6.98, HCO3 18. ________________________________________ 3. A nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hours. Which acid-base imbalance should the nurse expect? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis Correct Answer: D Rationale: Prolonged vomiting causes loss of gastric acid (HCl), leading to metabolic alkalosis with elevated pH and HCO3. ________________________________________ 4. A charge nurse is teaching about conditions related to metabolic acidosis. Which statement by a unit nurse indicates effective teaching? A. Metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis B. Metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis C. Metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma D. Metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer Correct Answer: A Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis due to ketone body accumulation. Myasthenia gravis and asthma cause respiratory issues, not metabolic acidosis. ________________________________________ 5. What does pH tell you about the body? A. The level of oxygen saturation in the blood B. The expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate C. The amount of glucose present in the bloodstream D. The concentration of white blood cells Correct Answer: B Rationale: pH reflects the acid-base balance between carbon dioxide (respiratory) and bicarbonate (metabolic) in the body. ________________________________________ 6. What causes a lower pH in the body? A. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration B. Increased hydrogen ion concentration C. Decreased carbon dioxide levels D. Increased bicarbonate levels Correct Answer: B Rationale: A lower pH indicates acidosis, which is caused by a greater concentration of hydrogen ions making body fluids more acidic. ________________________________________ 7. What causes a higher pH in the body? A. Increased hydrogen ion concentration B. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration C. Increased carbon dioxide levels D. Decreased bicarbonate levels Correct Answer: B Rationale: A higher pH indicates alkalosis, which occurs when hydrogen ion concentration decreases, making body fluids more alkaline. ________________________________________ 8. What is the normal pH range for blood? A. 7.15-7.25 B. 7.25-7.35 C. 7.35-7.45 D. 7.45-7.55 Correct Answer: C Rationale: Normal arterial blood pH is 7.35-7.45. Values below indicate acidosis; above indicate alkalosis. ________________________________________ 9. What causes respiratory acidosis? A. Hyperventilation B. Hypoventilation C. Increased bicarbonate D. Decreased carbon dioxide Correct Answer: B Rationale: Hypoventilation causes CO2 retention, leading to respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis. ________________________________________ 10. Which of the following can cause hypoventilation? A. Fear and anxiety B. High altitudes C. Respiratory depression from opioids D. Shock Correct Answer: C Rationale: Opioid-induced respiratory depression causes hypoventilation. Fear, anxiety, high altitudes, and shock cause hyperventilation. ________________________________________ 11. Which manifestation is associated with respiratory acidosis? A. Numbness and tingling B. Tachycardia (severe is bradycardia) C. Rapid deep respirations D. Inability to concentrate Correct Answer: B Rationale: Respiratory acidosis causes tachycardia initially, progressing to bradycardia in severe cases. Numbness, tingling, and rapid deep respirations are associated with respiratory alkalosis. ________________________________________ 12. What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with respiratory acidosis? A. Administer sodium bicarbonate B. Maintain patent airway