BIOCHEM RUTGERS MURPHY 2026 EVALUATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔myoglobin structure - ✔✔alpha helix
✔✔CD4 structure - ✔✔beta sheets
✔✔porin - ✔✔inside out protein, hydrophobic portion is on the outside
✔✔Afinson's experiment - ✔✔studied ribonuclease, used 8 M of urea to break down
protein folding, protein naturally reformed or was able to with B mercaptoethanol-->
information for structure is contained within the sequence
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔a molecule with a net charge will move in an electric field
(proteins move from positive to negative electrodes)
✔✔SDS - ✔✔sodium dodecylsulfate disrupts non covalent interactions
✔✔SDS PAGE - ✔✔sds polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis= rapid and capable of high
resolution
✔✔isoelectric focusing - ✔✔separates proteins based on acidity/basicity of residues.
protein will have net negative where pH is greater than pI. at pI net charge is 0.
✔✔gel filtration - ✔✔small molecules enter beads of agarose. larger molecules move
faster.
✔✔affinity chromatography - ✔✔selective for protein of interest good for transcription
factors
✔✔ultracentrifugation - ✔✔a fast centrifuge that precipitates biological molecules based
on sedimentation. smaller S value moves more slowly.
, ✔✔zonal centrifugation - ✔✔separate protein based on sediment coefficient differences
of 3 or factors
✔✔sedimentation equilibrium - ✔✔determines mass of proteins accurately without
denaturing the protein
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme reacts with substrate to
produce colored product (pregnancy hormone hCG), makes use of monoclonal
antibodies to bind to target antigen
✔✔western blotting - ✔✔electrophoresis on SDS gel, proteins pressed onto sheet,
primary AB reacts with antigen. secondary AB used to visualize. used as a test for Hep
C.
✔✔phenyl isothiocyanate - ✔✔removes and labels the N terminal amino acid, in Edman
Degradation
✔✔Trypsin - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of Lys, Arg
✔✔chymotrypsin - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of Tyr, Trp, Phe, Leu, Met
✔✔cyanogen bromide - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of met
✔✔BME - ✔✔dithiothreitol, separates disulfides
✔✔urea - ✔✔denatures proteins
✔✔transcription - ✔✔DNA to RNA
✔✔Translation - ✔✔RNA to protein
✔✔nucleotide - ✔✔made up of base, sugar and phosphate group
✔✔DNA backbone - ✔✔bases inside, sugar and phosphate outside
✔✔Meselson and Stahl - ✔✔discovered semi conservative DNA model, using heavy
isotope 15N.
✔✔helicase - ✔✔separates double stranded DNA in the cell
✔✔carboxy peptidase A - ✔✔cuts peptides at carboxyl end
✔✔ATP - ✔✔a nucleotide
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔myoglobin structure - ✔✔alpha helix
✔✔CD4 structure - ✔✔beta sheets
✔✔porin - ✔✔inside out protein, hydrophobic portion is on the outside
✔✔Afinson's experiment - ✔✔studied ribonuclease, used 8 M of urea to break down
protein folding, protein naturally reformed or was able to with B mercaptoethanol-->
information for structure is contained within the sequence
✔✔gel electrophoresis - ✔✔a molecule with a net charge will move in an electric field
(proteins move from positive to negative electrodes)
✔✔SDS - ✔✔sodium dodecylsulfate disrupts non covalent interactions
✔✔SDS PAGE - ✔✔sds polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis= rapid and capable of high
resolution
✔✔isoelectric focusing - ✔✔separates proteins based on acidity/basicity of residues.
protein will have net negative where pH is greater than pI. at pI net charge is 0.
✔✔gel filtration - ✔✔small molecules enter beads of agarose. larger molecules move
faster.
✔✔affinity chromatography - ✔✔selective for protein of interest good for transcription
factors
✔✔ultracentrifugation - ✔✔a fast centrifuge that precipitates biological molecules based
on sedimentation. smaller S value moves more slowly.
, ✔✔zonal centrifugation - ✔✔separate protein based on sediment coefficient differences
of 3 or factors
✔✔sedimentation equilibrium - ✔✔determines mass of proteins accurately without
denaturing the protein
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme reacts with substrate to
produce colored product (pregnancy hormone hCG), makes use of monoclonal
antibodies to bind to target antigen
✔✔western blotting - ✔✔electrophoresis on SDS gel, proteins pressed onto sheet,
primary AB reacts with antigen. secondary AB used to visualize. used as a test for Hep
C.
✔✔phenyl isothiocyanate - ✔✔removes and labels the N terminal amino acid, in Edman
Degradation
✔✔Trypsin - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of Lys, Arg
✔✔chymotrypsin - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of Tyr, Trp, Phe, Leu, Met
✔✔cyanogen bromide - ✔✔cuts carboxyl end of met
✔✔BME - ✔✔dithiothreitol, separates disulfides
✔✔urea - ✔✔denatures proteins
✔✔transcription - ✔✔DNA to RNA
✔✔Translation - ✔✔RNA to protein
✔✔nucleotide - ✔✔made up of base, sugar and phosphate group
✔✔DNA backbone - ✔✔bases inside, sugar and phosphate outside
✔✔Meselson and Stahl - ✔✔discovered semi conservative DNA model, using heavy
isotope 15N.
✔✔helicase - ✔✔separates double stranded DNA in the cell
✔✔carboxy peptidase A - ✔✔cuts peptides at carboxyl end
✔✔ATP - ✔✔a nucleotide
