Week 2 Exam: NR565 / NR 565
(Latest ) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals |
Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
Question:
Warfarin MOA
Answer:
o Warfarin interferes in the clotting cascade by inhibiting the synthesis of
Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, which are essential for blood clotting.
These factors include Factors VII, IX, and X, and prothrombin. It acts by
inhibiting the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1),
which is crucial in the Vitamin K cycle.
,Question:
Warfarin Indications
Answer:
· Long term thrombosis prophylaxis
· Specifically for:
Atrial Fibrillation: Used for prevention of thromboembolic events resulting
from atrial fibrillation.
Venous Thrombosis: Used for management of venous thrombosis to
prevent further complications (e.g., pulmonary embolism).
Pulmonary Embolism: Used for management of pulmonary embolism to
prevent extension of clotting and recurrent clots.
Heart Valve Replacement: Used for the prevention and treatment of
thromboembolic complications associated with mechanical and tissue-
based cardiac valve replacement.
Post MI: Used for the reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial
infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic
embolization after myocardial infarction.
Stroke and MI Prevention: Used for the reduction in the risk of death,
recurrent myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke
or systemic embolization after myocardial infarction.
·
· INR: 2-3
o INR must be measured daily for first 5 days of treatment, rwice a week
for next 1 to 2 weeks, once a week for next 1 to 2 months, and ever 2 to 4
weeks after that
, Question:
ADRs of loop diuretics
Answer:
· Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypocalcemia
o Sx: dry mouth, unusual thirst, oliguria
· Hypokalemia - Serum K <3.5: fatal dysrhythmias result.
o Effects digoxin - hypoK leads to digoxin toxicity and dysrhythmias
· Hypotension Sx: dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
· Ototoxicity: hearing impairment w/rapid IV admin
· Can use potassium sparing diuretics to counterbalance K+ loss
Question:
Thiazide Diuretics: Therapeutic Effect
Answer:
· Like loop diuretics, but effect distal convoluted tubule.
· Increase sodium chloride, potassium, water excretion.
· Promoted calcium reabsorption - helpful for clients with osteoporosis
· Increase plasma levels of glucose and uric acid. Thiazides are not
effective with kidney impairment (low GFR) and are much less potent than
Loop Diuretics.
· Used for hypertension, first drug of choice
· Treats edema and help mobilize fluid related to hepatic or renal disease
· Contraindicated for pts with sulfa allergy + renal impairment
(Latest ) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals |
Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
Question:
Warfarin MOA
Answer:
o Warfarin interferes in the clotting cascade by inhibiting the synthesis of
Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, which are essential for blood clotting.
These factors include Factors VII, IX, and X, and prothrombin. It acts by
inhibiting the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1),
which is crucial in the Vitamin K cycle.
,Question:
Warfarin Indications
Answer:
· Long term thrombosis prophylaxis
· Specifically for:
Atrial Fibrillation: Used for prevention of thromboembolic events resulting
from atrial fibrillation.
Venous Thrombosis: Used for management of venous thrombosis to
prevent further complications (e.g., pulmonary embolism).
Pulmonary Embolism: Used for management of pulmonary embolism to
prevent extension of clotting and recurrent clots.
Heart Valve Replacement: Used for the prevention and treatment of
thromboembolic complications associated with mechanical and tissue-
based cardiac valve replacement.
Post MI: Used for the reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial
infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic
embolization after myocardial infarction.
Stroke and MI Prevention: Used for the reduction in the risk of death,
recurrent myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke
or systemic embolization after myocardial infarction.
·
· INR: 2-3
o INR must be measured daily for first 5 days of treatment, rwice a week
for next 1 to 2 weeks, once a week for next 1 to 2 months, and ever 2 to 4
weeks after that
, Question:
ADRs of loop diuretics
Answer:
· Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypocalcemia
o Sx: dry mouth, unusual thirst, oliguria
· Hypokalemia - Serum K <3.5: fatal dysrhythmias result.
o Effects digoxin - hypoK leads to digoxin toxicity and dysrhythmias
· Hypotension Sx: dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
· Ototoxicity: hearing impairment w/rapid IV admin
· Can use potassium sparing diuretics to counterbalance K+ loss
Question:
Thiazide Diuretics: Therapeutic Effect
Answer:
· Like loop diuretics, but effect distal convoluted tubule.
· Increase sodium chloride, potassium, water excretion.
· Promoted calcium reabsorption - helpful for clients with osteoporosis
· Increase plasma levels of glucose and uric acid. Thiazides are not
effective with kidney impairment (low GFR) and are much less potent than
Loop Diuretics.
· Used for hypertension, first drug of choice
· Treats edema and help mobilize fluid related to hepatic or renal disease
· Contraindicated for pts with sulfa allergy + renal impairment
