LPNU 130 - Adult Medical-Surgical
Nursing II - Exam 8 Latest Update
Hypovolemic shock - ANSWER A life-threatening condition caused by loss of
>20% of blood or fluid, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood.
Main causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Hemorrhage, severe dehydration,
plasma loss.
Examples of hemorrhagic causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Trauma, GI
bleeding, surgery.
Examples of fluid loss causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Vomiting,
diarrhea, heatstroke, burns.
Examples of plasma loss causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Burns,
pancreatitis.
Neurologic symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Anxiety,
restlessness, confusion, altered mental status.
Cardiovascular symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Tachycardia,
weak/thready pulse, hypotension.
Respiratory symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Tachypnea,
shallow breathing.
Skin symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Pale, cool, clammy skin;
delayed capillary refill.
Urinary symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Decreased urine
output (<30 mL/hr).
GI symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Thirst, nausea, dry mucous
membranes.
Disorders of coagulation - ANSWER Conditions that impair blood's ability to clot,
causing excessive bleeding or thrombosis.
, Bleeding disorders - ANSWER Disorders characterized by insufficient clot
formation.
Hemophilia A - ANSWER A bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of Factor VIII.
Symptoms of Hemophilia A - ANSWER Hemarthrosis, deep muscle bleeding,
prolonged bleeding after injury.
Hemophilia B - ANSWER Also known as Christmas disease; caused by Factor IX
deficiency.
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) - ANSWER Caused by deficiency or dysfunction
of von Willebrand Factor (vWF).
Symptoms of vWD - ANSWER Mucosal bleeding, menorrhagia, easy bruising.
Vitamin K deficiency - ANSWER Leads to bleeding due to lack of clotting factors
II, VII, IX, and X.
Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency - ANSWER GI bleeding, prolonged
prothrombin time (PT).
Liver disease effect on coagulation - ANSWER Reduces clotting factor
production, causing bleeding and elevated PT/INR.
Hemophilia definition - ANSWER Genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficiency
in Factor VIII or IX.
Type of Hemophilia A - ANSWER Factor VIII deficiency.
Type of Hemophilia B - ANSWER Factor IX deficiency.
Cause of hemophilia - ANSWER X-linked recessive; primarily affects males.
General signs of hemophilia - ANSWER Prolonged bleeding, hemarthrosis,
bruising, hematuria, GI bleeding.
Diagnosis of hemophilia - ANSWER Prolonged aPTT, normal PT/platelets, factor
assay for deficiency.
Treatment for hemophilia A - ANSWER Factor VIII replacement, Desmopressin
for mild cases.
Treatment for hemophilia B - ANSWER Factor IX replacement.
Nursing II - Exam 8 Latest Update
Hypovolemic shock - ANSWER A life-threatening condition caused by loss of
>20% of blood or fluid, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood.
Main causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Hemorrhage, severe dehydration,
plasma loss.
Examples of hemorrhagic causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Trauma, GI
bleeding, surgery.
Examples of fluid loss causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Vomiting,
diarrhea, heatstroke, burns.
Examples of plasma loss causes of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Burns,
pancreatitis.
Neurologic symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Anxiety,
restlessness, confusion, altered mental status.
Cardiovascular symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Tachycardia,
weak/thready pulse, hypotension.
Respiratory symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Tachypnea,
shallow breathing.
Skin symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Pale, cool, clammy skin;
delayed capillary refill.
Urinary symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Decreased urine
output (<30 mL/hr).
GI symptoms of early hypovolemic shock - ANSWER Thirst, nausea, dry mucous
membranes.
Disorders of coagulation - ANSWER Conditions that impair blood's ability to clot,
causing excessive bleeding or thrombosis.
, Bleeding disorders - ANSWER Disorders characterized by insufficient clot
formation.
Hemophilia A - ANSWER A bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of Factor VIII.
Symptoms of Hemophilia A - ANSWER Hemarthrosis, deep muscle bleeding,
prolonged bleeding after injury.
Hemophilia B - ANSWER Also known as Christmas disease; caused by Factor IX
deficiency.
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) - ANSWER Caused by deficiency or dysfunction
of von Willebrand Factor (vWF).
Symptoms of vWD - ANSWER Mucosal bleeding, menorrhagia, easy bruising.
Vitamin K deficiency - ANSWER Leads to bleeding due to lack of clotting factors
II, VII, IX, and X.
Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency - ANSWER GI bleeding, prolonged
prothrombin time (PT).
Liver disease effect on coagulation - ANSWER Reduces clotting factor
production, causing bleeding and elevated PT/INR.
Hemophilia definition - ANSWER Genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficiency
in Factor VIII or IX.
Type of Hemophilia A - ANSWER Factor VIII deficiency.
Type of Hemophilia B - ANSWER Factor IX deficiency.
Cause of hemophilia - ANSWER X-linked recessive; primarily affects males.
General signs of hemophilia - ANSWER Prolonged bleeding, hemarthrosis,
bruising, hematuria, GI bleeding.
Diagnosis of hemophilia - ANSWER Prolonged aPTT, normal PT/platelets, factor
assay for deficiency.
Treatment for hemophilia A - ANSWER Factor VIII replacement, Desmopressin
for mild cases.
Treatment for hemophilia B - ANSWER Factor IX replacement.
