NU 327 Patho Exam 2 Study Guide with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Dehydration/Dry/Hemoconcentrated - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔not a lot of liquid in the vascular space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Elevated Na+, K+; dry mouth, thirsty, increased heart rate,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
decreased blood pressure, tinting of skin (when you pinch up the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
skin and it doesn't go right back down), sunken eyes, low
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
urination
What causes dehydration? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔low H2O
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intake, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, heat, sweating
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Hemodilution/volume overload/wet - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔too |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
much liquid is in the vascular space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Signs and Symptoms of hemodilution - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔high blood pressure, strong pulse, *extra respiratory sounds*
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(crackles), bulging eyes, confusion, edema (swelling)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
If someone is hemodiluted, what type of solution would you give
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\
,if a person is hemoconcentrated, what type of solution would you
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
give them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Normal; amount of Na+ is the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
same as it is in the blood vessel space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.9% Normal Saline (NS),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ringers Lactate (RL)
|\ |\ |\
If you are worried a patient may get acidoses, which fluid would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
you give them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ringers Lactate, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is an isotonic fluid that has a slight buffer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔osmolality (Na+) is higher in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
this fluid than in the blood vessel space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
which type of fluid pulls substances/other fluids towards it? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic |\ |\
Hypertonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3% NS, 5% NS, 5%
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
albumin, 25% albumin, mannitol |\ |\ |\
,Which type of fluid pulls protein out of the tissues and cells and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
into the vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔25% albumin,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypertonic fluid |\
if a patient is swollen, what type of solution would you give them?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔have less Na+ than our blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stream
|\
Hypotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5% Dextrose (D5W),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
0.45% NS (D5.45 NS; 1/2 NS), D5.225 NS (1/4 NS), free water
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
0.9% Normal Saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔isotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ringers Lactate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Isotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3% normal saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% normal saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, 25% albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% Dextrose (D5W) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Half Normal Saline (D5.45) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quarter Normal Saline (D5.225) - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔hypotonic
free water - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what could happen if you give hypertonic fluid too fast? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔can cause the cell to die from lack of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
water
what kind of patients can you not give hypotonic fluid to? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a patient with bad kidneys or a bad heart
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
why can you not give hypotonic fluids to patients with bad
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
kidneys/heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔can cause congestive |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart failure because of too much fluid passing through the veins
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and vessels
|\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Dehydration/Dry/Hemoconcentrated - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔not a lot of liquid in the vascular space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Elevated Na+, K+; dry mouth, thirsty, increased heart rate,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
decreased blood pressure, tinting of skin (when you pinch up the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
skin and it doesn't go right back down), sunken eyes, low
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
urination
What causes dehydration? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔low H2O
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intake, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, heat, sweating
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Hemodilution/volume overload/wet - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔too |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
much liquid is in the vascular space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Signs and Symptoms of hemodilution - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔high blood pressure, strong pulse, *extra respiratory sounds*
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(crackles), bulging eyes, confusion, edema (swelling)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
If someone is hemodiluted, what type of solution would you give
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\
,if a person is hemoconcentrated, what type of solution would you
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
give them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Normal; amount of Na+ is the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
same as it is in the blood vessel space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.9% Normal Saline (NS),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ringers Lactate (RL)
|\ |\ |\
If you are worried a patient may get acidoses, which fluid would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
you give them? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ringers Lactate, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is an isotonic fluid that has a slight buffer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔osmolality (Na+) is higher in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
this fluid than in the blood vessel space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
which type of fluid pulls substances/other fluids towards it? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic |\ |\
Hypertonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3% NS, 5% NS, 5%
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
albumin, 25% albumin, mannitol |\ |\ |\
,Which type of fluid pulls protein out of the tissues and cells and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
into the vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔25% albumin,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypertonic fluid |\
if a patient is swollen, what type of solution would you give them?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔have less Na+ than our blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stream
|\
Hypotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5% Dextrose (D5W),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
0.45% NS (D5.45 NS; 1/2 NS), D5.225 NS (1/4 NS), free water
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
0.9% Normal Saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔isotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ringers Lactate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Isotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3% normal saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% normal saline - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, 25% albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
5% Dextrose (D5W) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Half Normal Saline (D5.45) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quarter Normal Saline (D5.225) - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔hypotonic
free water - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what could happen if you give hypertonic fluid too fast? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔can cause the cell to die from lack of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
water
what kind of patients can you not give hypotonic fluid to? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a patient with bad kidneys or a bad heart
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
why can you not give hypotonic fluids to patients with bad
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
kidneys/heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔can cause congestive |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart failure because of too much fluid passing through the veins
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and vessels
|\
