MicroBio: Chapter 3 Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Flagella Propels bacteria
Pilus/Pili Attachment
Capsule Covers the outer of bacteria; not all
bacteria have
it because it is non-permeable.
Cell wall Made of peptidoglycan.
Cell membrane Plasma membrane; has cytoplasm inside.
Cytoplasm The material within a cell, excluding the
nucleus.
Chromosome Structure containing genetic material.
Nucleoid Region in prokaryotic cells where the
chromosome
is located.
, RNA Ribonucleic acid, involved in protein
synthesis.
Cytoplasmic Membrane Phospholipid bilayer embedded with
proteins;
hydrophobic tails face in, hydrophilic tails
face out.
Fluid mosaic model Proteins drift about in the lipid bilayer.
Simple Diffusion Movement from high to low concentration;
speed
depends on concentration.
Osmosis Diffusion of H2O across a selectively
permeable
membrane due to unequal solute
concentrations.
Transport systems Move nutrients and other small molecules
across
the cytoplasmic membrane.
Passive Transport Movement down gradient; no energy
required.
Charged Head Part of a phospholipid that is hydrophilic.
Monomer of starch Glucose; the only monomer building block.
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Flagella Propels bacteria
Pilus/Pili Attachment
Capsule Covers the outer of bacteria; not all
bacteria have
it because it is non-permeable.
Cell wall Made of peptidoglycan.
Cell membrane Plasma membrane; has cytoplasm inside.
Cytoplasm The material within a cell, excluding the
nucleus.
Chromosome Structure containing genetic material.
Nucleoid Region in prokaryotic cells where the
chromosome
is located.
, RNA Ribonucleic acid, involved in protein
synthesis.
Cytoplasmic Membrane Phospholipid bilayer embedded with
proteins;
hydrophobic tails face in, hydrophilic tails
face out.
Fluid mosaic model Proteins drift about in the lipid bilayer.
Simple Diffusion Movement from high to low concentration;
speed
depends on concentration.
Osmosis Diffusion of H2O across a selectively
permeable
membrane due to unequal solute
concentrations.
Transport systems Move nutrients and other small molecules
across
the cytoplasmic membrane.
Passive Transport Movement down gradient; no energy
required.
Charged Head Part of a phospholipid that is hydrophilic.
Monomer of starch Glucose; the only monomer building block.
