2026 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Blood flow through the heart: - ANSWER ✔✔Right atrium----tricuspid
valve----right ventricle---pulmonary artery---lungs----pulmonary vein---left
atrium----mitral (bicuspid valve)----left ventricle---aorta---arteries---
arterioles----capillaries---venuoles----veins, vena cava
Main components of CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM - ANSWER
✔✔SA node
AV node
bundle of His
, bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
SA node (sinoatrial node) function? - ANSWER ✔✔aka Anatomical
Pacemaker - Starts thesequence by causing atrial muscles to contract
Where does the SA node signal travel through? - ANSWER ✔✔AV
node -> Bundle of His -> down bundle branches -> through Purkinje
fibers (causes Ventricles to contract)
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWER ✔✔THICKening and LOSS of Elasticity of
the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of? - ANSWER ✔✔CAD- coronary
artery disease
When can Atherosclerosis appear? - ANSWER ✔✔When the artery is
about 75% OCCLUDED.
Atheriosclerosis- MODIFIABLE causes - ANSWER ✔✔-
Cigarette/tobacco smoking
- HBP
- High blood cholesterol levels
Atherosclerosis- NON-Modifiable causes - ANSWER ✔✔- Heredity