BIO 102 Module 4 Actual Study Guide (Questions and Answers) Expert Graded A+

BIO 102 Module 4 Actual Study Guide (Questions and Answers) Expert Graded A+ 1. Viruses alive or not - ANSWER Not considered alive because they are not cellular not metabolic and cannot reproduce independently 2. Virus structure - ANSWER Capsid surrounding a DNA or RNA genome such as a bacteriophage 3. Capsid - ANSWER Protein coat surrounding viral genome 4. Three domains of life - ANSWER Bacteria Archaea and Eukaryotes 5. Bacteria - ANSWER Prokaryotes with huge metabolic diversity such as cyanobacteria and E. coli 6. Bryophytes - ANSWER Nonvascular plants requiring water for reproduction such as mosses 7. Ferns - ANSWER Seedless vascular plants 8. Gymnosperms - ANSWER Seed plants without flowers such as pine trees 9. Angiosperms - ANSWER Flowering plants such as maple trees and grasses 10. Alternation of generations - ANSWER Life cycle alternating between haploid and diploid stages 11. Sporophyte - ANSWER Diploid stage producing spores 12. Gametophyte - ANSWER Haploid stage producing gametes 13. Ecological importance of plants - ANSWER Primary producers oxygen production and habitat formation 14. Fungi - ANSWER Eukaryotic absorptive heterotrophs with chitin cell walls 15. Hyphae - ANSWER Threadlike fungal filaments 16. Mycelium - ANSWER Network of hyphae used for feeding 17. Ecological importance of fungi - ANSWER Decomposition and nutrient cycling 18. Mycorrhizae - ANSWER Mutualism between fungi and plant roots 19. Plasmogamy - ANSWER Fusion of cytoplasm in fungi 20. Karyogamy - ANSWER Fusion of nuclei in fungi 21. Ascomycetes - ANSWER Fungal group including yeasts and morels 22. Basidiomycetes - ANSWER Fungal group including mushrooms 23. Animal evolutionary innovations - ANSWER Symmetry tissues tube within-a-tube body plan and developmental patterns 24. Radial symmetry - ANSWER Body organized around central axis such as jellyfish 25. Archaea - ANSWER Prokaryotes with unique chemistry and many extreme environment species such as thermophiles 26. Eukaryotes - ANSWER Organisms with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles such as plants fungi and animals 27. Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - ANSWER Prokaryotes lack nuclei and organelles while eukaryotes contain them 28. Ecological importance of prokaryotes - ANSWER Nutrient cycling nitrogen fixation decomposition and photosynthesis 29. Nitrogen fixation - ANSWER Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms by bacteria 30. Endosymbiosis theory - ANSWER Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria living inside larger cells 31. Evidence for endosymbiosis - ANSWER Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA ribosomes double membranes and divide independently 32. Protists - ANSWER Diverse eukaryotes that are not plants animals or fungi such as algae and amoebas 33. Ecological importance of protists - ANSWER Photosynthesis and support of aquatic food webs