SFL 358 Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Ch. 4--media violence what affects a viewer to learn aggression
1.attractive perpetrator, nice, younger, same sex, peer models, like yourself 2. if violence is
justified 3. weapons present 4. seems realistic 5. if it's rewarded or goes unpunished 6. if it
shows the victim was hurt 7. if it shows it's funny.
who is most at risk for violence effects?
1. preschoolers (they haven't learned social norms against aggression, can't tell fantasy from
reality 2. if the kids identify strongly w/characters 3. being frustrated or angry 4. not being
liked 5. poor school performance 6. parental rejection and parental aggression in the home;
Ch. 5--sex and media
teens who watch/read sex are more likely to have views that girls are sex objects, sex should
occur early, casual sex is acceptable, most teens are sexually active, less satisfied w/own sex
lives, have higher expectations of their partners, use less birth control
new technology shows that
sex is available, anonymous, quick, nonjudgmental, but not accurate. teens say it's better to
go to internet to learn; social networking sites show than online sexual risk behavior +
correlates w/offline risk behavior. sexting is devastating & ;those who do are more likelu to
be sexually active;
Porn
,use it to enhance sex lives, it shows physical aggression, female targets show they like it,
large amounts must be seen to affect behavior, which is preoccupation, sexually aggressive
behavior, early sex or oral sex;
ch. 7--obesity, eating disorders and media--food on tv and in movies
even pbs Arthur showed food like cookies, steak, and tv in inconsistent w/healthy nutritional
guidelines; 27% of blacks shown on popular black movies are overweight but only 2% on
general audience shows; black commercials have nearly twice as many food commercials;
alcohol is most frequently portrayed food/drink and fats/sweets are most common foods.
beer/soda is frequent; fast food restaurants placed in movies the most;
does media displace physical activities?
same amount of studies show it does as much as it doesn't; hard to establish relationship b/c
1. heavy viewers tend to be more sedentary 2. children's levels of activity are different 3. self
reports of tv viewing aren't accurate BUT if kids would devote at least an hour of screen time
to physical activities, risk of obesity would decrease
Ch. 9--social media usage
Risks--exposure to risky behaviors as seen on social media increases their own initiation of
doing them--clearly seen in facebook users; Benefits--communicate w/family, friends,
rewarding social connection, academics, news, education, prevention stuff.
Ch. 11--Family and Media--how to reduce screen time in the home
limit screen time to 2 hrs/day by 1. monitoring children's time w/all screen media--parents
say the kids have less screen time than the kids say! 2. no tv in bedroom--kids who do watch
more and have fewer rules about it 3. be aware of how media use is being modeled in the
home--best predictor of kids media use is parents media use; 4. no background tv--negative
, association between tv background and children's time spent reading; 5. limit tv on school
days so they get homework done and go to bed early; 6. do other activities that are fun
Ch. 12--Media education--Does media literacy work?
media can impart knowledge and change attitudes but rarely change behavior; violence
reduction is NOT effective and neither was it effective in stopping harmful health behaviors;
Ch. 13--media policy movie ratings
The ratings system is voluntary and most films are rated by the MPAA but there are several
problems w/it. With the PG or PG13 movies parents were given it but not told exactly what
content was problematic, and it changed for different parents—some were offended by
language, some by nudity, MPAA rates more harshly for sex than for violence which is the
opposite in Europe. The MPAA system has allowed increasingly violent content into PG13
films which effectively screening out explicit sex. Even former members of the ratings board
have serious problems w/how the ratings are decided. They have also tolerated significant
drug and violent content in G and PG movies despite its own guidelines. For example, ALL
the animated feature films contain violence and nearly half of G rated children's films had at
least one scene of tobacco or alcohol use.
Ratings creep
the PG rating seemed to turn to G, the PG13 to a PG and the R into a PG13. AND the amount
of profanity, sex, and violence increased. When ratings are based on age rather than content,
the "forbidden fruit theory" seems to become operational.
Movie ratings G rating
no language, nudity, sex, drugs
PG rating
Answers
Ch. 4--media violence what affects a viewer to learn aggression
1.attractive perpetrator, nice, younger, same sex, peer models, like yourself 2. if violence is
justified 3. weapons present 4. seems realistic 5. if it's rewarded or goes unpunished 6. if it
shows the victim was hurt 7. if it shows it's funny.
who is most at risk for violence effects?
1. preschoolers (they haven't learned social norms against aggression, can't tell fantasy from
reality 2. if the kids identify strongly w/characters 3. being frustrated or angry 4. not being
liked 5. poor school performance 6. parental rejection and parental aggression in the home;
Ch. 5--sex and media
teens who watch/read sex are more likely to have views that girls are sex objects, sex should
occur early, casual sex is acceptable, most teens are sexually active, less satisfied w/own sex
lives, have higher expectations of their partners, use less birth control
new technology shows that
sex is available, anonymous, quick, nonjudgmental, but not accurate. teens say it's better to
go to internet to learn; social networking sites show than online sexual risk behavior +
correlates w/offline risk behavior. sexting is devastating & ;those who do are more likelu to
be sexually active;
Porn
,use it to enhance sex lives, it shows physical aggression, female targets show they like it,
large amounts must be seen to affect behavior, which is preoccupation, sexually aggressive
behavior, early sex or oral sex;
ch. 7--obesity, eating disorders and media--food on tv and in movies
even pbs Arthur showed food like cookies, steak, and tv in inconsistent w/healthy nutritional
guidelines; 27% of blacks shown on popular black movies are overweight but only 2% on
general audience shows; black commercials have nearly twice as many food commercials;
alcohol is most frequently portrayed food/drink and fats/sweets are most common foods.
beer/soda is frequent; fast food restaurants placed in movies the most;
does media displace physical activities?
same amount of studies show it does as much as it doesn't; hard to establish relationship b/c
1. heavy viewers tend to be more sedentary 2. children's levels of activity are different 3. self
reports of tv viewing aren't accurate BUT if kids would devote at least an hour of screen time
to physical activities, risk of obesity would decrease
Ch. 9--social media usage
Risks--exposure to risky behaviors as seen on social media increases their own initiation of
doing them--clearly seen in facebook users; Benefits--communicate w/family, friends,
rewarding social connection, academics, news, education, prevention stuff.
Ch. 11--Family and Media--how to reduce screen time in the home
limit screen time to 2 hrs/day by 1. monitoring children's time w/all screen media--parents
say the kids have less screen time than the kids say! 2. no tv in bedroom--kids who do watch
more and have fewer rules about it 3. be aware of how media use is being modeled in the
home--best predictor of kids media use is parents media use; 4. no background tv--negative
, association between tv background and children's time spent reading; 5. limit tv on school
days so they get homework done and go to bed early; 6. do other activities that are fun
Ch. 12--Media education--Does media literacy work?
media can impart knowledge and change attitudes but rarely change behavior; violence
reduction is NOT effective and neither was it effective in stopping harmful health behaviors;
Ch. 13--media policy movie ratings
The ratings system is voluntary and most films are rated by the MPAA but there are several
problems w/it. With the PG or PG13 movies parents were given it but not told exactly what
content was problematic, and it changed for different parents—some were offended by
language, some by nudity, MPAA rates more harshly for sex than for violence which is the
opposite in Europe. The MPAA system has allowed increasingly violent content into PG13
films which effectively screening out explicit sex. Even former members of the ratings board
have serious problems w/how the ratings are decided. They have also tolerated significant
drug and violent content in G and PG movies despite its own guidelines. For example, ALL
the animated feature films contain violence and nearly half of G rated children's films had at
least one scene of tobacco or alcohol use.
Ratings creep
the PG rating seemed to turn to G, the PG13 to a PG and the R into a PG13. AND the amount
of profanity, sex, and violence increased. When ratings are based on age rather than content,
the "forbidden fruit theory" seems to become operational.
Movie ratings G rating
no language, nudity, sex, drugs
PG rating
