NFDN 2005 CORRECT EVALUATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Who is most at risk for complications of the flu? - ✔✔Children with heart or lung
conditions
Children with diabetes
Children under the age of 5
✔✔How can we prevent the flu? - ✔✔Hand hygiene
Influenza immunization - particularly for children under 5, children with chronic illnesses
and their caregivers and family
✔✔What is bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the small airways
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Coughing, wheezing, nasal
discharge, fever
✔✔What is RSV? Who is most commonly affected? - ✔✔Respiratory syncytial virus, a
common cause of bronchiolitis; occurs primarily in young children
Swelling causes obstruction
Can breathe in - but can't exhale
✔✔How is bronchiolitis diagnosed? - ✔✔Clinical; may do Auger suction for RSV swab
✔✔What are important signs to assess when assessing for bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Nasal
flaring in babies
SpO2
Signs of retractions
Apnea in infants
✔✔How is RSV/bronchiolitis treated? - ✔✔Oxygen
Bronchodilators w/ nebulizer or spacer
,Monitor BP, Resps
Inhaled steroids
IV fluid PRN
Isolation = Droplet, contact precautions
Tylenol - NO aspirin
✔✔How can we prevent bronchiolitis and RSV? - ✔✔Handwashing
Synagis (palivizumab) for preemies/high-risk children
Monthly IM injection during RSV season
✔✔What is asthma? - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways, causing
inflammation and mucus production, with coughing and wheezing
✔✔What conditions commonly occur with asthma? - ✔✔Hay fever/allergies
Eczema
✔✔How do we diagnose asthma? - ✔✔Clinical manifestations, dyspnea, wheezing,
coughing and may be preceded by upper respiratory tract infection
Pulmonary function tests/Spirometry (>5 years of age)
✔✔What kind of medications are used to treat asthma? - ✔✔Inhaled corticosteroids
Short-acting bronchodilators
Long-acting bronchodilators
Treatment of allergies
antihistamines
✔✔How can children monitor their control of their asthma at home? - ✔✔Via peak-flow
meter set for their specific values
✔✔What are indicators of good control of asthma? - ✔✔Use of Ventolin <2x/week
(except for a dose for exercise)
Waking up coughing/wheezing <2x/week
No asthma symptoms during the day
No missed school/work due to asthma
✔✔What teaching is important for asthma patients? - ✔✔Have an action plan for
exacerbations
Flu vaccine is important
✔✔What two assessments should you make at every visit for someone with asthma? -
✔✔Indications of control (can include serial spirometry)
Inhaler technique
✔✔What is cystic fibrosis? - ✔✔Recessive genetic disorder
Abnormal chloride channels cause excess salt production mucous buildup
, Can cause nail clubbing - lack of O2
✔✔What structures does cystic fibrosis affect? - ✔✔Lungs
Pancreas
Vas deferens (males are usually sterile)
✔✔How is Cystic fibrosis diagnosed? - ✔✔Newborn metabolic screen
Sweat test if metabolic screen is suspicious
✔✔What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis? - ✔✔Medications (bronchodilators)
Airway clearance therapies
Lung transplant
Pancreatic enzyme replacement
Postural drainage - loosen
mucus in airway so it can be
coughed out
✔✔What education is important for children with Cystic fibrosis and their families? -
✔✔Risk of another child with CF is 25% per pregnancy
Immunization is important
Life expectancy depends on severity (usually ~30-40)
Males are sterile, females are fertile
✔✔What is a septal defect? - ✔✔"Hole in the heart"
Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood mix
✔✔VSD
ASD - ✔✔Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrial Septal Defect
✔✔Can Septal heart defects be diagnosed in utero? - ✔✔Sometimes
✔✔How are septal heart defects treated? - ✔✔Cardiac catheterization
Surgery
May close on their own
✔✔VSD (ventricular septal defect) - ✔✔acynatoic defect
can end up with heart failure b/c increased pressure on right ventricle/atrium
85% will close on own
R ventricle may hypertrophy
✔✔ASD (atrial septal defect) - ✔✔- need to be closed
can end up with endocarditis
can result in embolism in pregnancy
Heart failure rare
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Who is most at risk for complications of the flu? - ✔✔Children with heart or lung
conditions
Children with diabetes
Children under the age of 5
✔✔How can we prevent the flu? - ✔✔Hand hygiene
Influenza immunization - particularly for children under 5, children with chronic illnesses
and their caregivers and family
✔✔What is bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the small airways
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Coughing, wheezing, nasal
discharge, fever
✔✔What is RSV? Who is most commonly affected? - ✔✔Respiratory syncytial virus, a
common cause of bronchiolitis; occurs primarily in young children
Swelling causes obstruction
Can breathe in - but can't exhale
✔✔How is bronchiolitis diagnosed? - ✔✔Clinical; may do Auger suction for RSV swab
✔✔What are important signs to assess when assessing for bronchiolitis? - ✔✔Nasal
flaring in babies
SpO2
Signs of retractions
Apnea in infants
✔✔How is RSV/bronchiolitis treated? - ✔✔Oxygen
Bronchodilators w/ nebulizer or spacer
,Monitor BP, Resps
Inhaled steroids
IV fluid PRN
Isolation = Droplet, contact precautions
Tylenol - NO aspirin
✔✔How can we prevent bronchiolitis and RSV? - ✔✔Handwashing
Synagis (palivizumab) for preemies/high-risk children
Monthly IM injection during RSV season
✔✔What is asthma? - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways, causing
inflammation and mucus production, with coughing and wheezing
✔✔What conditions commonly occur with asthma? - ✔✔Hay fever/allergies
Eczema
✔✔How do we diagnose asthma? - ✔✔Clinical manifestations, dyspnea, wheezing,
coughing and may be preceded by upper respiratory tract infection
Pulmonary function tests/Spirometry (>5 years of age)
✔✔What kind of medications are used to treat asthma? - ✔✔Inhaled corticosteroids
Short-acting bronchodilators
Long-acting bronchodilators
Treatment of allergies
antihistamines
✔✔How can children monitor their control of their asthma at home? - ✔✔Via peak-flow
meter set for their specific values
✔✔What are indicators of good control of asthma? - ✔✔Use of Ventolin <2x/week
(except for a dose for exercise)
Waking up coughing/wheezing <2x/week
No asthma symptoms during the day
No missed school/work due to asthma
✔✔What teaching is important for asthma patients? - ✔✔Have an action plan for
exacerbations
Flu vaccine is important
✔✔What two assessments should you make at every visit for someone with asthma? -
✔✔Indications of control (can include serial spirometry)
Inhaler technique
✔✔What is cystic fibrosis? - ✔✔Recessive genetic disorder
Abnormal chloride channels cause excess salt production mucous buildup
, Can cause nail clubbing - lack of O2
✔✔What structures does cystic fibrosis affect? - ✔✔Lungs
Pancreas
Vas deferens (males are usually sterile)
✔✔How is Cystic fibrosis diagnosed? - ✔✔Newborn metabolic screen
Sweat test if metabolic screen is suspicious
✔✔What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis? - ✔✔Medications (bronchodilators)
Airway clearance therapies
Lung transplant
Pancreatic enzyme replacement
Postural drainage - loosen
mucus in airway so it can be
coughed out
✔✔What education is important for children with Cystic fibrosis and their families? -
✔✔Risk of another child with CF is 25% per pregnancy
Immunization is important
Life expectancy depends on severity (usually ~30-40)
Males are sterile, females are fertile
✔✔What is a septal defect? - ✔✔"Hole in the heart"
Oxygenated & deoxygenated blood mix
✔✔VSD
ASD - ✔✔Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrial Septal Defect
✔✔Can Septal heart defects be diagnosed in utero? - ✔✔Sometimes
✔✔How are septal heart defects treated? - ✔✔Cardiac catheterization
Surgery
May close on their own
✔✔VSD (ventricular septal defect) - ✔✔acynatoic defect
can end up with heart failure b/c increased pressure on right ventricle/atrium
85% will close on own
R ventricle may hypertrophy
✔✔ASD (atrial septal defect) - ✔✔- need to be closed
can end up with endocarditis
can result in embolism in pregnancy
Heart failure rare
