PUBH 6011 CORRECT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Wind Energy: - ✔✔can withstand hurricanes, and other damage/pressure
Self-Jacking Ship: pylons crank down and lift the ship out of water→ how they build
offshore
Atlantic Shelf in eastern US is shallow, allows for wind turbines
Pacific side- no shelf, steep drop off
Central US is where wind resources are best
Land based wind is ½ the price off offshore wind
Coastlines have potential
✔✔Mountaintop removal - ✔✔blowing off top of mountain to get coal within
Waste rock from this process has higher acidity→ metal, arsenic, lead, etc. start to
bioaccumulate within waterways, fish, etc.
Impacts subsistence fishing
✔✔Hadley cells are - ✔✔convection cells in the atmosphere through which warm air
rises, releases its moisture, and returns poleward as cool, dry air.
✔✔lung physiology - ✔✔Air travels through the nose, down the trachea, and into
smaller and smaller airways called bronchi
Bronchi divide into bronchioles, and finally, into tiny grape like clusters of sacs (alveoli)
✔✔Inner layers of lung - ✔✔innermost layer: mucus layer; thick, stringy
cilia beat the mucus
moving layer of mucus, particles get stuck here
Cilia is the second layer
✔✔mucociliary escalator - ✔✔dust gets stuck in mucociliary escalator→ moving mucus
layer moves particles up and out→ you swallow them
, ✔✔High concentration of macrophages in - ✔✔lungs and liver, but some particles fool
macrophages
✔✔Ozone - ✔✔health effects include asthma exacerbation, inflamed bronchioles in
lungs
Tropospheric ozone: ground-level, exacerbated by humans
Made up of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) + oxides of nitrogen + heat →
increased ozone concentrations
Cannot control ozone directly, but can control the pollutants that contribute to its
formation
✔✔Nitrous Oxides - ✔✔come from combustion and agriculture (fertilizer)
produces acid rain when mixed with moisture in air
causes harmful algae blooms
✔✔Particulate Matter (PM): - ✔✔can cause lung and heart damage if not removed from
body
Heart attacks, CV disease, chronic bronchitis
Small PM sizes can get deeper into lungs
✔✔Oxides of Sulfur: - ✔✔Almost exclusively from coal
leads to acid rain, acid lakes
lung irritant
Switched from high sulfur-content coal (Appalachian mtns) to low sulfur-content coal
(Montana/Wyoming)
Also can put air pollution control devices on plants
✔✔Carbon Monoxide: - ✔✔Carbon monoxide poisoning-- binds to hemoglobin more
efficiently than oxygen in the body
We have switched to more efficient cars
✔✔lead - ✔✔nearly eradicated as an air pollutant
still exists in some areas with mining activity that frees lead dust
✔✔Stratosphere: naturally occurring ozone layer above troposphere - ✔✔good ozone
that protects us from harmful UV-B -blocks all UVB except 5%- and all UV-C radiation
✔✔Chlorofluorocarbons: - ✔✔Become unstable due to sun's energy; backbone is
cleaved, thins ozone
Free radical chlorine reacts with natural ozone (O3)
Destroys it; turns into diatomic and monatomic oxygen
✔✔4.3 million deaths - ✔✔mortality from indoor air pollution
✔✔air pollution - ✔✔1 in 8 die
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Wind Energy: - ✔✔can withstand hurricanes, and other damage/pressure
Self-Jacking Ship: pylons crank down and lift the ship out of water→ how they build
offshore
Atlantic Shelf in eastern US is shallow, allows for wind turbines
Pacific side- no shelf, steep drop off
Central US is where wind resources are best
Land based wind is ½ the price off offshore wind
Coastlines have potential
✔✔Mountaintop removal - ✔✔blowing off top of mountain to get coal within
Waste rock from this process has higher acidity→ metal, arsenic, lead, etc. start to
bioaccumulate within waterways, fish, etc.
Impacts subsistence fishing
✔✔Hadley cells are - ✔✔convection cells in the atmosphere through which warm air
rises, releases its moisture, and returns poleward as cool, dry air.
✔✔lung physiology - ✔✔Air travels through the nose, down the trachea, and into
smaller and smaller airways called bronchi
Bronchi divide into bronchioles, and finally, into tiny grape like clusters of sacs (alveoli)
✔✔Inner layers of lung - ✔✔innermost layer: mucus layer; thick, stringy
cilia beat the mucus
moving layer of mucus, particles get stuck here
Cilia is the second layer
✔✔mucociliary escalator - ✔✔dust gets stuck in mucociliary escalator→ moving mucus
layer moves particles up and out→ you swallow them
, ✔✔High concentration of macrophages in - ✔✔lungs and liver, but some particles fool
macrophages
✔✔Ozone - ✔✔health effects include asthma exacerbation, inflamed bronchioles in
lungs
Tropospheric ozone: ground-level, exacerbated by humans
Made up of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) + oxides of nitrogen + heat →
increased ozone concentrations
Cannot control ozone directly, but can control the pollutants that contribute to its
formation
✔✔Nitrous Oxides - ✔✔come from combustion and agriculture (fertilizer)
produces acid rain when mixed with moisture in air
causes harmful algae blooms
✔✔Particulate Matter (PM): - ✔✔can cause lung and heart damage if not removed from
body
Heart attacks, CV disease, chronic bronchitis
Small PM sizes can get deeper into lungs
✔✔Oxides of Sulfur: - ✔✔Almost exclusively from coal
leads to acid rain, acid lakes
lung irritant
Switched from high sulfur-content coal (Appalachian mtns) to low sulfur-content coal
(Montana/Wyoming)
Also can put air pollution control devices on plants
✔✔Carbon Monoxide: - ✔✔Carbon monoxide poisoning-- binds to hemoglobin more
efficiently than oxygen in the body
We have switched to more efficient cars
✔✔lead - ✔✔nearly eradicated as an air pollutant
still exists in some areas with mining activity that frees lead dust
✔✔Stratosphere: naturally occurring ozone layer above troposphere - ✔✔good ozone
that protects us from harmful UV-B -blocks all UVB except 5%- and all UV-C radiation
✔✔Chlorofluorocarbons: - ✔✔Become unstable due to sun's energy; backbone is
cleaved, thins ozone
Free radical chlorine reacts with natural ozone (O3)
Destroys it; turns into diatomic and monatomic oxygen
✔✔4.3 million deaths - ✔✔mortality from indoor air pollution
✔✔air pollution - ✔✔1 in 8 die
