NUR376 APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
(CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY, ST. PAUL) QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which cellular change occurs when a cell adapts to
increased workload by enlarging?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size caused by
increased workload, commonly seen in cardiac muscle with
hypertension.
2. What is the primary cause of cellular injury during hypoxia?
A. Increased ATP production
B. Reduced oxygen supply affecting energy metabolism
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Increased cellular division
Correct Answer: B. Reduced oxygen supply affecting energy
metabolism
,Rationale: Oxygen deprivation decreases ATP production,
causing failure of cellular functions and possible cell death.
3. Which process describes programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Inflammation
D. Degeneration
Correct Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, genetically regulated cell
death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells.
4. Which finding is characteristic of acute inflammation?
A. Scar formation only
B. Increased blood flow and vascular permeability
C. Decreased immune activity
D. Permanent tissue destruction
Correct Answer: B. Increased blood flow and vascular
permeability
Rationale: Acute inflammation causes redness, warmth,
swelling, and pain due to vascular changes and immune cell
migration.
,5. Which cells are primarily responsible for antibody
production?
A. T lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. B lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: C. B lymphocytes
Rationale: B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce
antibodies.
6. A patient with chronic inflammation is most likely to
experience:
A. Rapid resolution
B. Tissue destruction and fibrosis
C. No immune response
D. Temporary swelling only
Correct Answer: B. Tissue destruction and fibrosis
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves prolonged immune
activation leading to tissue injury and scarring.
7. Which immune response is involved in allergic reactions?
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
, C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: A. Type I hypersensitivity
Rationale: Type I reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and
involve mast cell activation.
8. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with
renal failure?
A. Low potassium
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Low sodium only
D. Increased calcium excretion only
Correct Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Diseased kidneys cannot effectively excrete
potassium, causing dangerous elevation.
9. What is the hallmark feature of heart failure?
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Inability of the heart to pump effectively
C. Increased oxygen delivery
D. Reduced blood volume only
Correct Answer: B. Inability of the heart to pump effectively
(CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY, ST. PAUL) QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Q&A 2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which cellular change occurs when a cell adapts to
increased workload by enlarging?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size caused by
increased workload, commonly seen in cardiac muscle with
hypertension.
2. What is the primary cause of cellular injury during hypoxia?
A. Increased ATP production
B. Reduced oxygen supply affecting energy metabolism
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Increased cellular division
Correct Answer: B. Reduced oxygen supply affecting energy
metabolism
,Rationale: Oxygen deprivation decreases ATP production,
causing failure of cellular functions and possible cell death.
3. Which process describes programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Inflammation
D. Degeneration
Correct Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, genetically regulated cell
death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells.
4. Which finding is characteristic of acute inflammation?
A. Scar formation only
B. Increased blood flow and vascular permeability
C. Decreased immune activity
D. Permanent tissue destruction
Correct Answer: B. Increased blood flow and vascular
permeability
Rationale: Acute inflammation causes redness, warmth,
swelling, and pain due to vascular changes and immune cell
migration.
,5. Which cells are primarily responsible for antibody
production?
A. T lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. B lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: C. B lymphocytes
Rationale: B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce
antibodies.
6. A patient with chronic inflammation is most likely to
experience:
A. Rapid resolution
B. Tissue destruction and fibrosis
C. No immune response
D. Temporary swelling only
Correct Answer: B. Tissue destruction and fibrosis
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves prolonged immune
activation leading to tissue injury and scarring.
7. Which immune response is involved in allergic reactions?
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
, C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: A. Type I hypersensitivity
Rationale: Type I reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and
involve mast cell activation.
8. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with
renal failure?
A. Low potassium
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Low sodium only
D. Increased calcium excretion only
Correct Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Diseased kidneys cannot effectively excrete
potassium, causing dangerous elevation.
9. What is the hallmark feature of heart failure?
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Inability of the heart to pump effectively
C. Increased oxygen delivery
D. Reduced blood volume only
Correct Answer: B. Inability of the heart to pump effectively
