Florida NCLEX Nutrition and Therapeutic Diets Practice Exam
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1. A nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about the DASH diet. Which food
choice best supports this dietary plan?
A. Fried chicken and French fries
B. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed broccoli
C. Pepperoni pizza and soda
D. Bacon, eggs, and buttered toast
Answer: B. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed broccoli
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium and
saturated fat. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and broccoli align with these recommendations
and help lower blood pressure.
2. Which laboratory value best reflects long-term blood glucose control in a client with
diabetes mellitus?
A. Fasting blood glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1C
D. Serum insulin
Answer: C. Hemoglobin A1C
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose over approximately 2–3
months, making it the best indicator of long-term glycemic control. Daily glucose
measurements provide only short-term information.
, 3. A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-potassium diet. Which food
should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
A. Apples
B. White rice
C. Bananas
D. Grapes
Answer: C. Bananas
Rationale: Bananas are rich in potassium and should be limited by clients with impaired
kidney function. Apples, grapes, and white rice contain relatively lower amounts of
potassium.
4. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the body's cells?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Minerals
Answer: B. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. They are converted into
glucose, which fuels cellular metabolism, especially in the brain and red blood cells.
5. A client receiving warfarin therapy should maintain a consistent intake of which
nutrient?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K affects blood clotting and can interfere with warfarin therapy. Clients
should consume consistent—not eliminated—amounts of vitamin K-containing foods to
maintain stable anticoagulation.
, 6. Which client is at greatest risk for protein-calorie malnutrition?
A. Healthy adolescent athlete
B. Older adult living alone with poor appetite
C. Adult taking a daily multivitamin
D. School-age child with seasonal allergies
Answer: B. Older adult living alone with poor appetite
Rationale: Older adults living alone frequently experience decreased appetite, financial
limitations, social isolation, and chronic illnesses, all of which increase the risk for
malnutrition.
7. Which meal is most appropriate for a client prescribed a clear liquid diet?
A. Cream of chicken soup
B. Chicken broth and apple juice
C. Oatmeal and milk
D. Mashed potatoes
Answer: B. Chicken broth and apple juice
Rationale: Clear liquid diets include transparent liquids that leave little residue, such as
broth, clear juices, gelatin, tea, and water. Cream soups and solid foods are not permitted.
8. Which vitamin deficiency commonly causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin E
Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for retinal function. Deficiency commonly results in night
blindness and may progress to xerophthalmia if untreated.
9. A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of a low-sodium diet. Which
statement indicates correct understanding?
V Updated Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
Well Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS (100% Accurate
Solutions) ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION Of
The Exam Guarantee Pass!!
1. A nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about the DASH diet. Which food
choice best supports this dietary plan?
A. Fried chicken and French fries
B. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed broccoli
C. Pepperoni pizza and soda
D. Bacon, eggs, and buttered toast
Answer: B. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed broccoli
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium and
saturated fat. Grilled salmon, brown rice, and broccoli align with these recommendations
and help lower blood pressure.
2. Which laboratory value best reflects long-term blood glucose control in a client with
diabetes mellitus?
A. Fasting blood glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1C
D. Serum insulin
Answer: C. Hemoglobin A1C
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose over approximately 2–3
months, making it the best indicator of long-term glycemic control. Daily glucose
measurements provide only short-term information.
, 3. A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-potassium diet. Which food
should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
A. Apples
B. White rice
C. Bananas
D. Grapes
Answer: C. Bananas
Rationale: Bananas are rich in potassium and should be limited by clients with impaired
kidney function. Apples, grapes, and white rice contain relatively lower amounts of
potassium.
4. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the body's cells?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Minerals
Answer: B. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. They are converted into
glucose, which fuels cellular metabolism, especially in the brain and red blood cells.
5. A client receiving warfarin therapy should maintain a consistent intake of which
nutrient?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K affects blood clotting and can interfere with warfarin therapy. Clients
should consume consistent—not eliminated—amounts of vitamin K-containing foods to
maintain stable anticoagulation.
, 6. Which client is at greatest risk for protein-calorie malnutrition?
A. Healthy adolescent athlete
B. Older adult living alone with poor appetite
C. Adult taking a daily multivitamin
D. School-age child with seasonal allergies
Answer: B. Older adult living alone with poor appetite
Rationale: Older adults living alone frequently experience decreased appetite, financial
limitations, social isolation, and chronic illnesses, all of which increase the risk for
malnutrition.
7. Which meal is most appropriate for a client prescribed a clear liquid diet?
A. Cream of chicken soup
B. Chicken broth and apple juice
C. Oatmeal and milk
D. Mashed potatoes
Answer: B. Chicken broth and apple juice
Rationale: Clear liquid diets include transparent liquids that leave little residue, such as
broth, clear juices, gelatin, tea, and water. Cream soups and solid foods are not permitted.
8. Which vitamin deficiency commonly causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin E
Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for retinal function. Deficiency commonly results in night
blindness and may progress to xerophthalmia if untreated.
9. A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of a low-sodium diet. Which
statement indicates correct understanding?
