GCU 631 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology
Full Questions with Correct Answers
Where do we hold the DNA inside of a cell?
The nucleus
What is cell suicide?
apoptosis
What are some things we see clinically in a patient presenting with carbon monoxide
poisoning?
-Normal SpO2
-Tissue damage
What do we have: ABG w/ pH 7.25, bicarb 28, CO2 is 60?
Respiratory acidosis
How do we get molecules to between intracellular & extra cellular?
Hydrostatic pressure
(If it's water: osmotic pressure)
If patient has large volume of vomiting, what would we see?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Why does metabolic alkalosis develop from vomiting?
Losing acid, retaining Bicarb
What do we look for on an amnio to see neural tube defects?
Alpha-fetal protein
Clinical characteristics of Trisomy 21
Wide eyes
Wide neck
Short stature
,Low IQ
Low nasal bridge
Low set ears
Cardiac defects
How could a newborn have type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune/ Cannot be prevented
We have a certain gene that takes care of maintenance of other cells
Housekeeping genes
Patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing. What are you thinking?
-Diabetes
-Something else is going on with those patient/other comorbidities
If a newborn doesn't have enough collectin-like protein what kind of infection might
they develop?
-Pneumonia
-Anything RESPIRATORY related
Where do B lymphocytes grow up and develop
Bone marrow
I go over to a friend's house to get chickenpox. What type of immunity is that?
Active acquired immunity/Body will make antibodies
What is happening at a cellular level with a type two sensitivity reaction?
-Antibodies are attaching to the cellular surface of the antigen.
-release of histamines and IgE
What does Rhogram do?
-Stops hemolytic anemia
-Give to Rh - moms with a Rh + baby
, If we have a patient that went under some organ transplant, why would we have tissue
damage?
Start to see TH1 cells release too many cytokines so we will see the cytotoxic effects.
Cytokines will actually attack the endothelial cells.
What is an exotoxin?
When bacteria is growing they release exotoxins.
What do we have that helps us fight fungal infections?
-Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
Why, if I'm really stressed, am I more likely to get sick?
Stress releases cortisol, cortisol increases, helper T cells are suppressed.
Stressed patient (long period of time), what can we see develop with lab results?
-Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol increase causes hyperglycemia initially, but with chronic stress cortisol levels
become depleted causing hypoglycemia. (Adrenal insufficiency)
What happens when we have cellular metabolism that just isn't working right? What
will develop?
Build up of waste
What is the least likely IL to cause endothelial cells to go into
that proinflammatory state?
IL4
If you had a patient that developed MODS, what substances stimulate the normal
endothelial cells to go into a proinflammatory state?
Full Questions with Correct Answers
Where do we hold the DNA inside of a cell?
The nucleus
What is cell suicide?
apoptosis
What are some things we see clinically in a patient presenting with carbon monoxide
poisoning?
-Normal SpO2
-Tissue damage
What do we have: ABG w/ pH 7.25, bicarb 28, CO2 is 60?
Respiratory acidosis
How do we get molecules to between intracellular & extra cellular?
Hydrostatic pressure
(If it's water: osmotic pressure)
If patient has large volume of vomiting, what would we see?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Why does metabolic alkalosis develop from vomiting?
Losing acid, retaining Bicarb
What do we look for on an amnio to see neural tube defects?
Alpha-fetal protein
Clinical characteristics of Trisomy 21
Wide eyes
Wide neck
Short stature
,Low IQ
Low nasal bridge
Low set ears
Cardiac defects
How could a newborn have type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune/ Cannot be prevented
We have a certain gene that takes care of maintenance of other cells
Housekeeping genes
Patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing. What are you thinking?
-Diabetes
-Something else is going on with those patient/other comorbidities
If a newborn doesn't have enough collectin-like protein what kind of infection might
they develop?
-Pneumonia
-Anything RESPIRATORY related
Where do B lymphocytes grow up and develop
Bone marrow
I go over to a friend's house to get chickenpox. What type of immunity is that?
Active acquired immunity/Body will make antibodies
What is happening at a cellular level with a type two sensitivity reaction?
-Antibodies are attaching to the cellular surface of the antigen.
-release of histamines and IgE
What does Rhogram do?
-Stops hemolytic anemia
-Give to Rh - moms with a Rh + baby
, If we have a patient that went under some organ transplant, why would we have tissue
damage?
Start to see TH1 cells release too many cytokines so we will see the cytotoxic effects.
Cytokines will actually attack the endothelial cells.
What is an exotoxin?
When bacteria is growing they release exotoxins.
What do we have that helps us fight fungal infections?
-Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
Why, if I'm really stressed, am I more likely to get sick?
Stress releases cortisol, cortisol increases, helper T cells are suppressed.
Stressed patient (long period of time), what can we see develop with lab results?
-Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol increase causes hyperglycemia initially, but with chronic stress cortisol levels
become depleted causing hypoglycemia. (Adrenal insufficiency)
What happens when we have cellular metabolism that just isn't working right? What
will develop?
Build up of waste
What is the least likely IL to cause endothelial cells to go into
that proinflammatory state?
IL4
If you had a patient that developed MODS, what substances stimulate the normal
endothelial cells to go into a proinflammatory state?
