A.L.L.
coyura Academy
THE TEAS 7
BIOLOGY
PRACTICE PACK
Science: Life & Physical Sciences | Biology subcategory | ~40% of TEAS Science score
Cell Biology DNA & Genetics Evolution
Cell structure, organelles, membranes, DNA replication, transcription, translation, Natural selection, adaptation, speciation,
mitosis, meiosis Mendelian genetics classification
Ecology Human Body Biochemistry
Food webs, energy flow, ecosystems, Organ systems, homeostasis, physiology Macromolecules, enzymes, metabolism,
nutrient cycles connections ATP
WHAT THIS PACK INCLUDES
• 120 TEAS-style practice questions across all biology topics
• Full rationale for every correct AND incorrect answer choice
• Answer key grid with score tracking and readiness ratings
Created by ALLcoyura Academy
, A.L.L.
coyura Academy
CELL BIOLOGY — STRUCTURE & DIVISION
Organelles, membranes, mitosis, meiosis, and transport — all TEAS Biology essentials.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
CELL CYCLE
M
Golgi (Mitosis)
Ribosomes
Cell■Membrane Nucleus
G2 G1
(Prep) (Growth)
ER
Mito.
S
(Synthesis)
CELL CYCLE
Interphase = G1+S+G2 (longest)
KEY ORGANELLES — FUNCTION QUICK REFERENCE
Organelle Function & Key Facts
Nucleus Control centre — contains DNA; directs cell activities. Nuclear envelope has pores for mRNA export.
Mitochondria ATP production via aerobic respiration (Krebs cycle + ETC). 'Powerhouse.' Has own DNA — endosymbiont origin.
Ribosome Protein synthesis (translation). Free ribosomes = cytoplasmic proteins; rough ER ribosomes = secretory proteins.
Rough ER Protein synthesis and initial folding (has ribosomes). Ships proteins to Golgi in vesicles.
Smooth ER Lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage. No ribosomes. In liver cells for drug detox.
Golgi Apparatus Processes, sorts, packages proteins into vesicles for secretion, lysosomes, or plasma membrane.
Lysosome Digestive vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes. Break down worn-out organelles, pathogens, debris.
Chloroplast Photosynthesis (plants only). Thylakoids = light reactions; stroma = Calvin cycle. Own DNA.
Cell Wall Rigid support layer OUTSIDE plasma membrane. Plants: cellulose. Fungi: chitin. Bacteria: peptidoglycan.
Central Vacuole Large fluid-filled sac in plant cells. Turgor pressure, storage, waste disposal.
MITOSIS vs. MEIOSIS COMPARISON
Feature MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Purpose Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction — producing gametes (sperm/eggs)
# Divisions 1 division 2 divisions (meiosis I + II)
Cells produced 2 daughter cells 4 daughter cells
Ploidy Diploid (2n) → 2 diploid cells Diploid (2n) → 4 haploid (n) cells
Genetic outcome Genetically IDENTICAL to parent Genetically DIVERSE (crossing over, independent
assortment)
Occurs in All somatic (body) cells Gonads (testes, ovaries)
CELL BIOLOGY Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 2
,A.L.L.
coyura Academy
DNA, GENETICS & HEREDITY
DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, Mendelian genetics, and inheritance patterns.
A a
DNA DOUBLE HELIX PUNNETT SQUARE Aa x Aa
5'→3' strand 3'→5' strand
A AA Aa
a aA aa
Base pairs (H-bonds)
Dominant: 3/4 = 75%
Recessive: 1/4 = 25%
THE CENTRAL DOGMA — INFORMATION FLOW IN CELLS
DNA mRNA Ribosome Protein
(nucleus) (transcription) (translation) (folding/function)
Contains genetic code; template for RNA polymerase builds complementary mRNA codons read; tRNA brings Polypeptide folds into 3D structure.
transcription mRNA strand. Introns spliced; exons matching amino acids; polypeptide Performs structural, enzymatic, or
retained. assembled. regulatory role.
MENDELIAN GENETICS — KEY TERMS & LAWS
Term Definition & Example
Allele Alternative version of a gene at a given locus. E.g. T (tall) and t (short) in pea plants.
Dominant / Recessive Dominant (uppercase) allele is expressed in heterozygotes. Recessive only expressed when homozygous.
Homozygous Two identical alleles (AA or aa). Homozygous dominant = AA; homozygous recessive = aa.
Heterozygous Two different alleles for a gene (Aa). Also called a carrier for recessive traits.
Law of Segregation The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation; each gamete gets one allele.
Independent Alleles for different genes on different chromosomes sort independently during meiosis.
Assortment
Incomplete Dominance Heterozygote shows INTERMEDIATE phenotype (e.g. red x white = pink).
Codominance Both alleles fully expressed in heterozygote (e.g. blood type AB shows both A and B antigens).
X-linked traits Gene on X chromosome. Males (XY) express recessive X-linked traits — only one X to mask them.
DNA & GENETICS Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 3
, A.L.L.
coyura Academy
ECOLOGY — ECOSYSTEMS, POPULATIONS & INTERACTIONS
Energy flow, nutrient cycles, population dynamics, ecological relationships, and biomes.
ENERGY PYRAMID
ENERGY PYRAMID (10% Rule)
POPULATION GROWTH
POPULATION GROWTH CURVES
J-curve (exponential) K (carrying■capacity)
Producers
~100% width S-curve (logistic)
Primary
~65% width
Consumers
Secondary Population Size
~40% width
Consumers
Tertiary
~22% width
Consumers
Quaternary
~10% width
Consumers
Time
ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS & DEFINITIONS
Term Definition & Key Example
Ecosystem Community of organisms + abiotic (non-living) factors (water, temperature, soil) interacting as a system.
Food chain Linear sequence of organisms where each eats the one before it. Energy flows from producers upward.
Food web Complex network of interconnected food chains. More realistic than a simple chain.
10% Energy Rule Only ~10% of energy passes from one trophic level to the next. 90% lost as heat/metabolism.
Mutualism (+/+) Both organisms benefit. Example: bees pollinating flowers; nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes.
Commensalism (+/0) One benefits, other unaffected. Example: barnacles on a whale.
Parasitism (+/-) Parasite benefits, host is harmed. Example: tapeworm in intestine, fleas on a dog.
Competition (-/-) Both organisms harmed by competing for same limited resource (food, space, mates).
Predation (+/-) Predator benefits (+); prey is harmed (-). Example: lion eating a zebra.
Carrying Capacity (K) Maximum population an ecosystem can sustainably support. S-curve levels off at K.
Primary Succession Starts on bare rock with no soil. Pioneer species (lichens, mosses) build soil first.
Secondary Succession Starts after disturbance where soil remains (fire, farming). Faster than primary succession.
ECOLOGY Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 4
coyura Academy
THE TEAS 7
BIOLOGY
PRACTICE PACK
Science: Life & Physical Sciences | Biology subcategory | ~40% of TEAS Science score
Cell Biology DNA & Genetics Evolution
Cell structure, organelles, membranes, DNA replication, transcription, translation, Natural selection, adaptation, speciation,
mitosis, meiosis Mendelian genetics classification
Ecology Human Body Biochemistry
Food webs, energy flow, ecosystems, Organ systems, homeostasis, physiology Macromolecules, enzymes, metabolism,
nutrient cycles connections ATP
WHAT THIS PACK INCLUDES
• 120 TEAS-style practice questions across all biology topics
• Full rationale for every correct AND incorrect answer choice
• Answer key grid with score tracking and readiness ratings
Created by ALLcoyura Academy
, A.L.L.
coyura Academy
CELL BIOLOGY — STRUCTURE & DIVISION
Organelles, membranes, mitosis, meiosis, and transport — all TEAS Biology essentials.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
CELL CYCLE
M
Golgi (Mitosis)
Ribosomes
Cell■Membrane Nucleus
G2 G1
(Prep) (Growth)
ER
Mito.
S
(Synthesis)
CELL CYCLE
Interphase = G1+S+G2 (longest)
KEY ORGANELLES — FUNCTION QUICK REFERENCE
Organelle Function & Key Facts
Nucleus Control centre — contains DNA; directs cell activities. Nuclear envelope has pores for mRNA export.
Mitochondria ATP production via aerobic respiration (Krebs cycle + ETC). 'Powerhouse.' Has own DNA — endosymbiont origin.
Ribosome Protein synthesis (translation). Free ribosomes = cytoplasmic proteins; rough ER ribosomes = secretory proteins.
Rough ER Protein synthesis and initial folding (has ribosomes). Ships proteins to Golgi in vesicles.
Smooth ER Lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage. No ribosomes. In liver cells for drug detox.
Golgi Apparatus Processes, sorts, packages proteins into vesicles for secretion, lysosomes, or plasma membrane.
Lysosome Digestive vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes. Break down worn-out organelles, pathogens, debris.
Chloroplast Photosynthesis (plants only). Thylakoids = light reactions; stroma = Calvin cycle. Own DNA.
Cell Wall Rigid support layer OUTSIDE plasma membrane. Plants: cellulose. Fungi: chitin. Bacteria: peptidoglycan.
Central Vacuole Large fluid-filled sac in plant cells. Turgor pressure, storage, waste disposal.
MITOSIS vs. MEIOSIS COMPARISON
Feature MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Purpose Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction — producing gametes (sperm/eggs)
# Divisions 1 division 2 divisions (meiosis I + II)
Cells produced 2 daughter cells 4 daughter cells
Ploidy Diploid (2n) → 2 diploid cells Diploid (2n) → 4 haploid (n) cells
Genetic outcome Genetically IDENTICAL to parent Genetically DIVERSE (crossing over, independent
assortment)
Occurs in All somatic (body) cells Gonads (testes, ovaries)
CELL BIOLOGY Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 2
,A.L.L.
coyura Academy
DNA, GENETICS & HEREDITY
DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, Mendelian genetics, and inheritance patterns.
A a
DNA DOUBLE HELIX PUNNETT SQUARE Aa x Aa
5'→3' strand 3'→5' strand
A AA Aa
a aA aa
Base pairs (H-bonds)
Dominant: 3/4 = 75%
Recessive: 1/4 = 25%
THE CENTRAL DOGMA — INFORMATION FLOW IN CELLS
DNA mRNA Ribosome Protein
(nucleus) (transcription) (translation) (folding/function)
Contains genetic code; template for RNA polymerase builds complementary mRNA codons read; tRNA brings Polypeptide folds into 3D structure.
transcription mRNA strand. Introns spliced; exons matching amino acids; polypeptide Performs structural, enzymatic, or
retained. assembled. regulatory role.
MENDELIAN GENETICS — KEY TERMS & LAWS
Term Definition & Example
Allele Alternative version of a gene at a given locus. E.g. T (tall) and t (short) in pea plants.
Dominant / Recessive Dominant (uppercase) allele is expressed in heterozygotes. Recessive only expressed when homozygous.
Homozygous Two identical alleles (AA or aa). Homozygous dominant = AA; homozygous recessive = aa.
Heterozygous Two different alleles for a gene (Aa). Also called a carrier for recessive traits.
Law of Segregation The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation; each gamete gets one allele.
Independent Alleles for different genes on different chromosomes sort independently during meiosis.
Assortment
Incomplete Dominance Heterozygote shows INTERMEDIATE phenotype (e.g. red x white = pink).
Codominance Both alleles fully expressed in heterozygote (e.g. blood type AB shows both A and B antigens).
X-linked traits Gene on X chromosome. Males (XY) express recessive X-linked traits — only one X to mask them.
DNA & GENETICS Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 3
, A.L.L.
coyura Academy
ECOLOGY — ECOSYSTEMS, POPULATIONS & INTERACTIONS
Energy flow, nutrient cycles, population dynamics, ecological relationships, and biomes.
ENERGY PYRAMID
ENERGY PYRAMID (10% Rule)
POPULATION GROWTH
POPULATION GROWTH CURVES
J-curve (exponential) K (carrying■capacity)
Producers
~100% width S-curve (logistic)
Primary
~65% width
Consumers
Secondary Population Size
~40% width
Consumers
Tertiary
~22% width
Consumers
Quaternary
~10% width
Consumers
Time
ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS & DEFINITIONS
Term Definition & Key Example
Ecosystem Community of organisms + abiotic (non-living) factors (water, temperature, soil) interacting as a system.
Food chain Linear sequence of organisms where each eats the one before it. Energy flows from producers upward.
Food web Complex network of interconnected food chains. More realistic than a simple chain.
10% Energy Rule Only ~10% of energy passes from one trophic level to the next. 90% lost as heat/metabolism.
Mutualism (+/+) Both organisms benefit. Example: bees pollinating flowers; nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes.
Commensalism (+/0) One benefits, other unaffected. Example: barnacles on a whale.
Parasitism (+/-) Parasite benefits, host is harmed. Example: tapeworm in intestine, fleas on a dog.
Competition (-/-) Both organisms harmed by competing for same limited resource (food, space, mates).
Predation (+/-) Predator benefits (+); prey is harmed (-). Example: lion eating a zebra.
Carrying Capacity (K) Maximum population an ecosystem can sustainably support. S-curve levels off at K.
Primary Succession Starts on bare rock with no soil. Pioneer species (lichens, mosses) build soil first.
Secondary Succession Starts after disturbance where soil remains (fire, farming). Faster than primary succession.
ECOLOGY Created by ALLcoyura Academy Page 4
