University Psychology
2 MAXE · 101 HCYSP
ψ
Department
College of Arts & Sciences
UNIVERSITY
LUX ET VERITAS
Psychology 101 Exam 2
L E A R N I N G , M E M O RY, I N T E L L I G E N C E & CO G N I T I O N
INSTITUTION [UNVERIFIED] University PROGRAM Undergraduate — Introduction to
Psychology Department Psychology
COURSE CODE PSYCH 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Psychology 101 Exam 2
TOTAL QUESTIONS 118 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Learning theories, memory systems, intelligence concepts, and cognitive processes are all testable
content.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for study purposes.
▸ All content is derived from Psychology 101 course materials.
, SECTION I — LEARNING, MEMORY, INTELLIGENCE &
Questions 1 – 118
COGNITION
1. What is the definition of learning in psychology?
A. Any change in behavior regardless of cause
B. A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
C. The acquisition of knowledge through formal education only
D. Temporary changes in performance due to fatigue
CORRECT ANSWER B — A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs
through experience
RATIONALE Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral
potential resulting from experience. It excludes temporary changes from fatigue,
illness, or drugs (D), and is not limited to formal education (C). It is systematic, not
random (A).
2. What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory?
A. Memory is a single unified system
B. Memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory,
and long-term memory
C. Memory is stored in muscle memory
D. Memory only has two stages: encoding and retrieval
CORRECT ANSWER B — Three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term
memory
RATIONALE The Atkinson-Shiffrin (multi-store) model proposes information flows through
three distinct memory stores: sensory memory (brief sensory impressions), short-
term memory (limited capacity, ~30 seconds), and long-term memory (relatively
permanent, vast capacity).
,3. What is the Triarchic theory of intelligence and who proposed it?
A. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
B. Sternberg's theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and
practical
C. Binet's theory of mental age
D. Spearman's two-factor theory
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sternberg's three forms: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
RATIONALE Robert Sternberg's Triarchic theory proposes three types of intelligence:
analytical (academic problem-solving), creative (generating novel ideas), and
practical (street smarts, everyday problem-solving). Gardner (A) proposed
multiple intelligences (8+ types).
4. What is the Law of Effect and who developed it?
A. Behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated; Thorndike
B. Learning occurs through observation; Bandura
C. Behavior is shaped by unconscious drives; Freud
D. All behavior is reflexive; Pavlov
CORRECT ANSWER A — Pleasant consequences repeat behavior; Thorndike
RATIONALE Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that responses followed by satisfying
consequences are strengthened (more likely to recur), while those followed by
annoying consequences are weakened. This principle laid groundwork for
Skinner's operant conditioning.
, 5. What is operant conditioning and who is associated with it?
A. Learning through association of stimuli; Pavlov
B. Learning where consequences of behavior change its probability; Skinner
C. Learning through observation; Bandura
D. Learning through insight; Kohler
CORRECT ANSWER B — Consequences change behavior probability; Skinner
RATIONALE B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning states that behaviors are shaped by their
consequences — reinforcement increases behavior frequency; punishment
decreases it. Classical conditioning (A, Pavlov) involves stimulus association.
Observational learning (C, Bandura) involves watching others.
6. What is the serial position effect?
A. The tendency to recall items in alphabetical order
B. The tendency to recall items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in
the middle
C. The tendency to recall only recent items
D. The tendency to recall items in reverse order
CORRECT ANSWER B — Better recall of beginning (primacy) and end (recency) items than
middle items
RATIONALE The serial position effect combines primacy (early items transferred to LTM) and
recency (late items still in STM) effects. Middle items receive less rehearsal and are
more poorly recalled.
2 MAXE · 101 HCYSP
ψ
Department
College of Arts & Sciences
UNIVERSITY
LUX ET VERITAS
Psychology 101 Exam 2
L E A R N I N G , M E M O RY, I N T E L L I G E N C E & CO G N I T I O N
INSTITUTION [UNVERIFIED] University PROGRAM Undergraduate — Introduction to
Psychology Department Psychology
COURSE CODE PSYCH 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Psychology 101 Exam 2
TOTAL QUESTIONS 118 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Learning theories, memory systems, intelligence concepts, and cognitive processes are all testable
content.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for study purposes.
▸ All content is derived from Psychology 101 course materials.
, SECTION I — LEARNING, MEMORY, INTELLIGENCE &
Questions 1 – 118
COGNITION
1. What is the definition of learning in psychology?
A. Any change in behavior regardless of cause
B. A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
C. The acquisition of knowledge through formal education only
D. Temporary changes in performance due to fatigue
CORRECT ANSWER B — A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs
through experience
RATIONALE Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral
potential resulting from experience. It excludes temporary changes from fatigue,
illness, or drugs (D), and is not limited to formal education (C). It is systematic, not
random (A).
2. What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory?
A. Memory is a single unified system
B. Memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory,
and long-term memory
C. Memory is stored in muscle memory
D. Memory only has two stages: encoding and retrieval
CORRECT ANSWER B — Three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term
memory
RATIONALE The Atkinson-Shiffrin (multi-store) model proposes information flows through
three distinct memory stores: sensory memory (brief sensory impressions), short-
term memory (limited capacity, ~30 seconds), and long-term memory (relatively
permanent, vast capacity).
,3. What is the Triarchic theory of intelligence and who proposed it?
A. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
B. Sternberg's theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and
practical
C. Binet's theory of mental age
D. Spearman's two-factor theory
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sternberg's three forms: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
RATIONALE Robert Sternberg's Triarchic theory proposes three types of intelligence:
analytical (academic problem-solving), creative (generating novel ideas), and
practical (street smarts, everyday problem-solving). Gardner (A) proposed
multiple intelligences (8+ types).
4. What is the Law of Effect and who developed it?
A. Behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated; Thorndike
B. Learning occurs through observation; Bandura
C. Behavior is shaped by unconscious drives; Freud
D. All behavior is reflexive; Pavlov
CORRECT ANSWER A — Pleasant consequences repeat behavior; Thorndike
RATIONALE Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that responses followed by satisfying
consequences are strengthened (more likely to recur), while those followed by
annoying consequences are weakened. This principle laid groundwork for
Skinner's operant conditioning.
, 5. What is operant conditioning and who is associated with it?
A. Learning through association of stimuli; Pavlov
B. Learning where consequences of behavior change its probability; Skinner
C. Learning through observation; Bandura
D. Learning through insight; Kohler
CORRECT ANSWER B — Consequences change behavior probability; Skinner
RATIONALE B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning states that behaviors are shaped by their
consequences — reinforcement increases behavior frequency; punishment
decreases it. Classical conditioning (A, Pavlov) involves stimulus association.
Observational learning (C, Bandura) involves watching others.
6. What is the serial position effect?
A. The tendency to recall items in alphabetical order
B. The tendency to recall items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in
the middle
C. The tendency to recall only recent items
D. The tendency to recall items in reverse order
CORRECT ANSWER B — Better recall of beginning (primacy) and end (recency) items than
middle items
RATIONALE The serial position effect combines primacy (early items transferred to LTM) and
recency (late items still in STM) effects. Middle items receive less rehearsal and are
more poorly recalled.
