3 MAXE · 101 HCYSP
Ψ Psychology 101
PSY Introduction to Psychology — Examination 3
PSYCH 101
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR THROUGH SCIENCE
Psych 101 Exam 3
CO M P R E H E N S I V E ST U DY G U I D E — CO G N I T I O N , M E M O RY, L A N G UAG E & D E V E LO P M E N T
INSTITUTION College-Level Psychology 101 PROGRAM Bachelor of Arts / Bachelor of
Science — Psychology
COURSE CODE PSYCH 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Psych 101 Exam 3
TOTAL QUESTIONS 48 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
STUDY GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS
▸ This comprehensive study guide covers cognition, memory, language, and development for Psych 101
Exam 3.
▸ Each question is an actual exam item with the correct answer identified and a detailed rationale
provided.
▸ Select the single best answer. Correct answers are marked and explained.
▸ Pay careful attention to cognitive biases, memory processes, language development concepts, and
developmental theories.
▸ All content reflects standard introductory psychology textbook material.
, PSYCH 101 — COGNITION, MEMORY, LANGUAGE &
Questions 1 – 48
DEVELOPMENT
1. What is the confirmation bias?
A. Stereotyping someone or something unintentionally
B. Believing the event you just experienced was predictable
C. Focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision
D. Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
CORRECT ANSWER D — Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
RATIONALE Confirmation bias = seeking, interpreting, and remembering information that
supports preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence. Option B =
hindsight bias. Option C = anchoring bias. This is one of the most pervasive
cognitive biases affecting decision-making in everyday life, science, and clinical
judgment.
2. Gonzalo keeps pushing his car's auto lock button even though it's likely broken and he
needs to use his key manually. This illustrates:
A. Mental set
B. Hindsight bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Functional fixedness
CORRECT ANSWER D — Functional fixedness
RATIONALE Functional fixedness = inability to see an object being used for something other
than its intended purpose. Gonzalo is fixated on using the auto lock button and
cannot shift to the alternative solution (manual key). This is a type of mental set —
a tendency to approach problems using methods that worked in the past.
, 3. Niaz's car breaks down and he's convinced it was predictable even though there was no
way to know. This exemplifies:
A. Anchoring bias
B. Representational bias
C. Availability heuristic
D. Hindsight bias
CORRECT ANSWER D — Hindsight bias
RATIONALE Hindsight bias = "I knew it all along" phenomenon. After learning an outcome,
people overestimate their ability to have predicted it. Niaz believed the
breakdown was predictable only after it occurred. This bias affects legal
judgments, medical diagnoses, and historical analysis.
4. What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never
developed:
A. Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
B. Lexicon
C. Ability to speak
D. Ability to communicate
CORRECT ANSWER A — Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
RATIONALE Genie, discovered at age 13 after extreme isolation, acquired vocabulary (lexicon)
and could communicate, but never mastered grammar/syntax. This supports the
critical period hypothesis — there is a sensitive period for language acquisition,
especially for grammatical rules. She could learn words but not the rules for
combining them.
Ψ Psychology 101
PSY Introduction to Psychology — Examination 3
PSYCH 101
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR THROUGH SCIENCE
Psych 101 Exam 3
CO M P R E H E N S I V E ST U DY G U I D E — CO G N I T I O N , M E M O RY, L A N G UAG E & D E V E LO P M E N T
INSTITUTION College-Level Psychology 101 PROGRAM Bachelor of Arts / Bachelor of
Science — Psychology
COURSE CODE PSYCH 101 COURSE TITLE Introduction to Psychology
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE Psych 101 Exam 3
TOTAL QUESTIONS 48 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
STUDY GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS
▸ This comprehensive study guide covers cognition, memory, language, and development for Psych 101
Exam 3.
▸ Each question is an actual exam item with the correct answer identified and a detailed rationale
provided.
▸ Select the single best answer. Correct answers are marked and explained.
▸ Pay careful attention to cognitive biases, memory processes, language development concepts, and
developmental theories.
▸ All content reflects standard introductory psychology textbook material.
, PSYCH 101 — COGNITION, MEMORY, LANGUAGE &
Questions 1 – 48
DEVELOPMENT
1. What is the confirmation bias?
A. Stereotyping someone or something unintentionally
B. Believing the event you just experienced was predictable
C. Focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision
D. Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
CORRECT ANSWER D — Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
RATIONALE Confirmation bias = seeking, interpreting, and remembering information that
supports preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence. Option B =
hindsight bias. Option C = anchoring bias. This is one of the most pervasive
cognitive biases affecting decision-making in everyday life, science, and clinical
judgment.
2. Gonzalo keeps pushing his car's auto lock button even though it's likely broken and he
needs to use his key manually. This illustrates:
A. Mental set
B. Hindsight bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Functional fixedness
CORRECT ANSWER D — Functional fixedness
RATIONALE Functional fixedness = inability to see an object being used for something other
than its intended purpose. Gonzalo is fixated on using the auto lock button and
cannot shift to the alternative solution (manual key). This is a type of mental set —
a tendency to approach problems using methods that worked in the past.
, 3. Niaz's car breaks down and he's convinced it was predictable even though there was no
way to know. This exemplifies:
A. Anchoring bias
B. Representational bias
C. Availability heuristic
D. Hindsight bias
CORRECT ANSWER D — Hindsight bias
RATIONALE Hindsight bias = "I knew it all along" phenomenon. After learning an outcome,
people overestimate their ability to have predicted it. Niaz believed the
breakdown was predictable only after it occurred. This bias affects legal
judgments, medical diagnoses, and historical analysis.
4. What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never
developed:
A. Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
B. Lexicon
C. Ability to speak
D. Ability to communicate
CORRECT ANSWER A — Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
RATIONALE Genie, discovered at age 13 after extreme isolation, acquired vocabulary (lexicon)
and could communicate, but never mastered grammar/syntax. This supports the
critical period hypothesis — there is a sensitive period for language acquisition,
especially for grammatical rules. She could learn words but not the rules for
combining them.
