Midterm NUR275 Review Questions
Fully Solved.
Safety needs for a client with increased confusion - Answer Assess frequently (orientation,
LOC, safety risk), use fall-risk tools (e.g., Morse).
Environment for confused clients - Answer Low bed, locked brakes, clear path, remove
hazardous objects, ensure adequate lighting, bed alarms as ordered.
Supervision for high fall risk clients - Answer One-to-one or frequent observation when
suicidal, wandering, or high fall risk.
Reorientation & communication techniques - Answer Calm voice, clocks/calendars, family
photos, simple instructions.
Medication review for confused clients - Answer Look for sedatives, anticholinergics, opioids
that worsen confusion.
Use of restraints - Answer Use restraints only if ordered and as last resort — follow policy and
frequent reassessment.
Isometric exercises definition - Answer Muscle contraction without joint movement (tighten
& hold).
Examples of isometric exercises - Answer Quad sets (tighten thigh, hold 5-10s), glute
squeezes, ankle pumps (isometric plantar/dorsiflexion holds).
Prescription for isometric exercises - Answer Sets/reps as ordered (e.g., 10 × every hour while
awake).
Benefits of isometric exercises - Answer Maintain muscle tone, reduce venous stasis, slow
atrophy, improve circulation.
Teaching for isometric exercises - Answer Breathe normally (no valsalva), stop if pain,
perform per schedule, document tolerance.
Contact isolation PPE - Answer Gown + gloves for patient contact or environment; remove
PPE before leaving room. (Use dedicated equipment.)
, Droplet isolation PPE - Answer Surgical mask for close contact (usually within ~3-6 feet); eye
protection if risk of splashes. Patient should mask when transported.
Airborne isolation PPE - Answer N95/respirator or higher; negative-pressure room (AIIR) for
pathogens like TB, measles, varicella. Patient wears surgical mask when transported.
HIPAA responsibility for nurses - Answer Protect all individually identifiable health
information (verbal, written, electronic).
Minimum necessary principle - Answer Share only what's needed for the task.
Secure systems for PHI - Answer Log out of EHR, do not access charts not part of care, no PHI
on personal devices unless approved/encrypted.
Disclosures under HIPAA - Answer Patient consent required except for treatment, payment,
operations, certain public health/legal exceptions.
Reporting breaches - Answer Report per facility policy immediately.
Crutch fitting - Answer 2-3 finger widths between axilla and top of crutch; weight on hands,
not axilla.
Gait for non-weight bearing clients - Answer Use three-point gait; partial weight — two-point
or modified. Practice on level ground first.
Stair navigation with crutches - Answer Up with the good, down with the bad (up: unaffected
foot → crutches; down: crutches → affected foot).
Safety measures for crutch use - Answer Shoes with nonskid soles, avoid wet surfaces, keep
tips in good condition.
Preop teaching for surgery - Answer NPO guidelines, meds to continue/hold (anticoagulants,
ACEi), consent process, expected tubes/drains, pain plan, deep breathing/cough/IS, early
ambulation.
Day-of surgery instructions - Answer Arrival time, surgical site marking, removal of
jewelry/contacts/nail polish, showering with chlorhexidine if ordered.
Fully Solved.
Safety needs for a client with increased confusion - Answer Assess frequently (orientation,
LOC, safety risk), use fall-risk tools (e.g., Morse).
Environment for confused clients - Answer Low bed, locked brakes, clear path, remove
hazardous objects, ensure adequate lighting, bed alarms as ordered.
Supervision for high fall risk clients - Answer One-to-one or frequent observation when
suicidal, wandering, or high fall risk.
Reorientation & communication techniques - Answer Calm voice, clocks/calendars, family
photos, simple instructions.
Medication review for confused clients - Answer Look for sedatives, anticholinergics, opioids
that worsen confusion.
Use of restraints - Answer Use restraints only if ordered and as last resort — follow policy and
frequent reassessment.
Isometric exercises definition - Answer Muscle contraction without joint movement (tighten
& hold).
Examples of isometric exercises - Answer Quad sets (tighten thigh, hold 5-10s), glute
squeezes, ankle pumps (isometric plantar/dorsiflexion holds).
Prescription for isometric exercises - Answer Sets/reps as ordered (e.g., 10 × every hour while
awake).
Benefits of isometric exercises - Answer Maintain muscle tone, reduce venous stasis, slow
atrophy, improve circulation.
Teaching for isometric exercises - Answer Breathe normally (no valsalva), stop if pain,
perform per schedule, document tolerance.
Contact isolation PPE - Answer Gown + gloves for patient contact or environment; remove
PPE before leaving room. (Use dedicated equipment.)
, Droplet isolation PPE - Answer Surgical mask for close contact (usually within ~3-6 feet); eye
protection if risk of splashes. Patient should mask when transported.
Airborne isolation PPE - Answer N95/respirator or higher; negative-pressure room (AIIR) for
pathogens like TB, measles, varicella. Patient wears surgical mask when transported.
HIPAA responsibility for nurses - Answer Protect all individually identifiable health
information (verbal, written, electronic).
Minimum necessary principle - Answer Share only what's needed for the task.
Secure systems for PHI - Answer Log out of EHR, do not access charts not part of care, no PHI
on personal devices unless approved/encrypted.
Disclosures under HIPAA - Answer Patient consent required except for treatment, payment,
operations, certain public health/legal exceptions.
Reporting breaches - Answer Report per facility policy immediately.
Crutch fitting - Answer 2-3 finger widths between axilla and top of crutch; weight on hands,
not axilla.
Gait for non-weight bearing clients - Answer Use three-point gait; partial weight — two-point
or modified. Practice on level ground first.
Stair navigation with crutches - Answer Up with the good, down with the bad (up: unaffected
foot → crutches; down: crutches → affected foot).
Safety measures for crutch use - Answer Shoes with nonskid soles, avoid wet surfaces, keep
tips in good condition.
Preop teaching for surgery - Answer NPO guidelines, meds to continue/hold (anticoagulants,
ACEi), consent process, expected tubes/drains, pain plan, deep breathing/cough/IS, early
ambulation.
Day-of surgery instructions - Answer Arrival time, surgical site marking, removal of
jewelry/contacts/nail polish, showering with chlorhexidine if ordered.
