NUR 631 Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology Midterm GCU Actual
Exam 2026/2027 – Complete Exam-Style
Questions | 100% Verified – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Question 1
What is the largest cytoplasmic organelle?
A. Mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus is the largest cytoplasmic organelle and serves as the
control center of the cell, containing the majority of the cell's genetic material
(DNA).
Question 2
Which organelle contains the cell's DNA?
A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosome
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains the cell's DNA, which directs cellular activities
and contains the genetic information for protein synthesis.
Question 3
Where is RNA stored within the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Nucleolus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is responsible for the
synthesis and storage of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Question 4
Which organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
,Question 5
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that produce hydrogen
peroxide as a byproduct of removing hydrogen atoms from specific substrates.
They are essential for breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful
substances.
Question 6
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A. Cells can produce proteins
B. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes
C. Cells can take in and use nutrients
D. Cells can synthesize fats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic absorption is a specialized cellular function wherein cells
take in and use nutrients to carry out their specific metabolic tasks. This is a core
function of all cells, but particularly notable in cells like those of the intestines or
kidneys.
, Question 7
What stops water-soluble molecules from crossing into a cell?
A. Carrier proteins
B. Lipid bilayer not being water permeable
C. Ion channels
D. Active transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is not permeable to water-soluble
molecules. Water-soluble substances require transport proteins (carrier proteins
or channels) to cross the hydrophobic core of the membrane.
Question 8
What does the body use to transport substances across a cell membrane?
A. Lipid bilayers
B. Carrier proteins
C. Ribosomes
D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carrier proteins are used to transport substances across the cell
membrane. They facilitate the movement of molecules that cannot freely diffuse
through the lipid bilayer.
Pathophysiology Midterm GCU Actual
Exam 2026/2027 – Complete Exam-Style
Questions | 100% Verified – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Question 1
What is the largest cytoplasmic organelle?
A. Mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus is the largest cytoplasmic organelle and serves as the
control center of the cell, containing the majority of the cell's genetic material
(DNA).
Question 2
Which organelle contains the cell's DNA?
A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosome
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains the cell's DNA, which directs cellular activities
and contains the genetic information for protein synthesis.
Question 3
Where is RNA stored within the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Nucleolus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is responsible for the
synthesis and storage of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Question 4
Which organelle is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
,Question 5
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that produce hydrogen
peroxide as a byproduct of removing hydrogen atoms from specific substrates.
They are essential for breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful
substances.
Question 6
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A. Cells can produce proteins
B. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes
C. Cells can take in and use nutrients
D. Cells can synthesize fats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic absorption is a specialized cellular function wherein cells
take in and use nutrients to carry out their specific metabolic tasks. This is a core
function of all cells, but particularly notable in cells like those of the intestines or
kidneys.
, Question 7
What stops water-soluble molecules from crossing into a cell?
A. Carrier proteins
B. Lipid bilayer not being water permeable
C. Ion channels
D. Active transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is not permeable to water-soluble
molecules. Water-soluble substances require transport proteins (carrier proteins
or channels) to cross the hydrophobic core of the membrane.
Question 8
What does the body use to transport substances across a cell membrane?
A. Lipid bilayers
B. Carrier proteins
C. Ribosomes
D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carrier proteins are used to transport substances across the cell
membrane. They facilitate the movement of molecules that cannot freely diffuse
through the lipid bilayer.
