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NURS 5357 NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+

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NURS 5357 NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+

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NURS 5357 NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 4
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+



Define 'tolerance' in the context of addiction. - ANSWERS-
Tolerance is the reduced response to a drug after repeated
use, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same
effect.


What brain changes are associated with tolerance? -
ANSWERS-Downregulation of D2 receptors occurs with
excessive substance use.


What is 'habituation' in addiction? - ANSWERS-Habituation
is the process where DA levels initially spike with novel
stimuli but decrease with repeated exposure.


What role do transcription factors CREB and ΔFosB play in
addiction? - ANSWERS-CREB dampens reward circuitry

, leading to tolerance, while ΔFosB accumulates and remains
active long after drug use.


What are cravings in addiction? - ANSWERS-Persistent
thoughts and intense desires to use or obtain more of a
substance.


Which brain areas are involved in cravings? - ANSWERS-The
orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral PFC are activated
during cravings.


How does the reward system relate to pleasure? -
ANSWERS-Dopamine release in the NAc and VTA mediates
feelings of pleasure and reward.


What is the role of the ventral pallidum in pleasure? -
ANSWERS-The ventral pallidum is essential for experiencing
hedonic pleasure.


How does nicotine affect dopamine release? - ANSWERS-
Nicotine activates nicotinic receptors in the mesolimbic
circuit to release dopamine.

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