NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM LATEST | FINAL EXAM WEEK
11 Comprehensive Final | Questions and Verified
Answers | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves - ANSWER
A
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the
extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces - ANSWER A
Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids - ANSWER C
,A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and
aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional
correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L - ANSWER B
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the
professional assess for hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism - ANSWER C
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the
professional assess for hypermagnesemia as a priority? a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus d. Pancreatitis - ANSWER B
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive - ANSWER D
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition
because of which genetic principle?
,a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Dominance
d. Recessiveness - ANSWER B
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocation - ANSWER C
What does activation of the classical pathway begin with? a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes c. Mast cells
d. Macrophages - ANSWER B.
Activation of the classical pathway begins only with the activation of protein C1
and is preceded by the formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody
to form an antigen-antibody complex (immune complex). Infection with a virus
can lead to the start of the inflammatory process, but is not the specific activation
factor. Mast cells release the contents of their granules to initiate synthesis of other
mediators of inflammation among other actions. Macrophages are one cell type
involved in phagocytosis.
In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways
converge at which factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V - ANSWER C. The coagulation cascade consists of the
extrinsic and intrinsic pathways that converge only at factor X.
, What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor
have on inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination - ANSWER A. Binding histamine to the H2
receptor is generally antiinflammatory because it results in the suppression of
leukocyte function. Binding to H2 receptors does not cause activation,
acceleration, or termination of the inflammatory process.
Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in
what fashion?
a. Synergistically
b. Additively
c. Antagonistically
d. Agonistically - ANSWER C. Both types of receptors are
distributed among many different cells and are often present on the same cells and
may act in an antagonistic fashion. For instance, neutrophils express both types of
receptors, with stimulation of H1 receptors resulting in the augmentation of
neutrophil chemotaxis and H2 stimulation resulting in its inhibition. The two
receptors do not act synergistically, additively, or agonistically.
What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain b. Increases neutrophil
chemotaxis and platelet aggregation
c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever
d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation -
ANSWER D. Effects of NO on inflammation include vasodilation by
inducing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, a response that is local and short-
lived, and by suppressing mast cell function, as well as platelet adhesion and
aggregation. NO does not increase capillary permeability and cause pain, increase
FINAL EXAM LATEST | FINAL EXAM WEEK
11 Comprehensive Final | Questions and Verified
Answers | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves - ANSWER
A
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the
extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces - ANSWER A
Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids - ANSWER C
,A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and
aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional
correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L - ANSWER B
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the
professional assess for hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism - ANSWER C
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the
professional assess for hypermagnesemia as a priority? a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus d. Pancreatitis - ANSWER B
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive - ANSWER D
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition
because of which genetic principle?
,a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Dominance
d. Recessiveness - ANSWER B
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocation - ANSWER C
What does activation of the classical pathway begin with? a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes c. Mast cells
d. Macrophages - ANSWER B.
Activation of the classical pathway begins only with the activation of protein C1
and is preceded by the formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody
to form an antigen-antibody complex (immune complex). Infection with a virus
can lead to the start of the inflammatory process, but is not the specific activation
factor. Mast cells release the contents of their granules to initiate synthesis of other
mediators of inflammation among other actions. Macrophages are one cell type
involved in phagocytosis.
In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways
converge at which factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V - ANSWER C. The coagulation cascade consists of the
extrinsic and intrinsic pathways that converge only at factor X.
, What effect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor
have on inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination - ANSWER A. Binding histamine to the H2
receptor is generally antiinflammatory because it results in the suppression of
leukocyte function. Binding to H2 receptors does not cause activation,
acceleration, or termination of the inflammatory process.
Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in
what fashion?
a. Synergistically
b. Additively
c. Antagonistically
d. Agonistically - ANSWER C. Both types of receptors are
distributed among many different cells and are often present on the same cells and
may act in an antagonistic fashion. For instance, neutrophils express both types of
receptors, with stimulation of H1 receptors resulting in the augmentation of
neutrophil chemotaxis and H2 stimulation resulting in its inhibition. The two
receptors do not act synergistically, additively, or agonistically.
What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain b. Increases neutrophil
chemotaxis and platelet aggregation
c. Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever
d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation -
ANSWER D. Effects of NO on inflammation include vasodilation by
inducing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, a response that is local and short-
lived, and by suppressing mast cell function, as well as platelet adhesion and
aggregation. NO does not increase capillary permeability and cause pain, increase
