NURS 615 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What drug should be used for patients with nasal congestion with hypertension? -
✔✔Use chlorphentermine or coricidin HBP
✔✔Adverse effects of antihistamines - ✔✔Drowsiness and sedation
Anticholinergic effects. Tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, and at doses
seizures, hallucination or delerium
✔✔What conditions should cause a patient to avoid antihistamines? - ✔✔not
recommended for patients older than 60 or under 6 years of age. Category B pregnancy
class, but can cause paradoxical reactions in some children. CAN SLOW URINE FLOW
IN MEN WITH BPH.
✔✔Mechanism of action of codeine in cough supression - ✔✔Works in medulla
oblongata area of the brain that controls cough.
✔✔Which Medications are considered antitussives - ✔✔suppress coughing
itself...codeine, dextromethorphan and benzochloraphate not expectorants like
guaifenesin
✔✔Upper respiratory infections treatment - ✔✔supportive care, fluids, resting.
Phenylephrine can be used for symptomatic relief in adults without HTN
✔✔Patient teaching when taking antacids - ✔✔May cause constipation or diarrhea
depending on type taken. aluminum =constipation ; magnesium = diarrhea.
✔✔Action of loperamide - ✔✔Opioid receptor agonists. Works similar to morphine which
decreases the activity of the tone of the smooth muscle in the GI tract and slows down
motility. Suppress the gastrocolic reflex which is activation with stomach stretch
encourages a bowel movement after eating.
✔✔adverse effects of bismuth subsalicylate - ✔✔black tongue or stools
✔✔who should not be given bismuth subsalicylate? - ✔✔children recovering from
illnesses; related to Rey Syndrome
✔✔When should bismuth subsalicylate be administered - ✔✔used prophylaxis for
travelers diarrhea as it binds to exotoxins made by e-coli. Take with each meal and at
bedtime. Multidrug with H-pylori
✔✔What lab values are needed with proton pump inhibitors? - ✔✔Iron, Calcium
Magnesium and Vitamin B12 absorption can be effected.
, ✔✔Proton pump Inhibitors risks: - ✔✔Decreased absorption of Iron and B12 lead to
anemias. So PPI may cause anemias. Decreased Calcium absorption can lead to
osteoporosis and fractures
✔✔Most rapid acting laxative. - ✔✔Stimulant laxatives specifically rectal bisacodyl
✔✔How does metoclopramide improve GERD? - ✔✔Affects D2 receptors and
chemoreceptor trigger zone in the CNS to prevent nausea and vomiting. Also decreases
the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter.
✔✔Step down approach with GERD - ✔✔Start with standard dose of PPI for 8 weeks. if
not resolved increase to double dose for 4-8 weeks. if no relief refer to GI. The goal is to
step down to the lowest PPI dose or transition to H2 blocker
✔✔Step up approach with GERD - ✔✔Lifestyle modification > OTC antacids > H2
blockers> PPIs. If esophagus erosive disease is discovered PPI central management.
✔✔1st line therapy for H.pylori - ✔✔PPI bid + Amoxicillin 1 gram BID + Clarithromycin
500mg BID x 7-14 days (usually 10 days to 2weeks). PCN allergy switch to
metronidazole. Affter ABX are finished continue PPI for 8-12 weeks.
✔✔2nd line treatment for H-pylor - ✔✔PPI+metronidazole + tetracycline + bismuth for
14 days.
✔✔How do you treat nausea and vomitting - ✔✔1st line = B6 + Unisom especially in
pregnant women. Ginger is helpful. Zofran is often useful in children with N/V/D as
Zofran is mildly constipating.
✔✔How do you treat constipation in children - ✔✔Miralax is 1st line treatment
✔✔Disadvantages of stimulant laxatives for prolonged periods of time. - ✔✔Increase
fluid and salt excretion and dependency
✔✔Mechanism of phenothiazine antiemetics - ✔✔Phenergan : block D2 receptors of
dopamine results in antipsychotic and antiemetic effects.
✔✔Mechanism of docusate sodium - ✔✔Laxative used to treat constipation. Increases
water absorption in feces.
✔✔Mechanism of action of PPI - ✔✔blocking the gastric pumps of the gastric parietal
cells at the terminal stage which stops gastric acid secretion. Decreases stomach acid.
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What drug should be used for patients with nasal congestion with hypertension? -
✔✔Use chlorphentermine or coricidin HBP
✔✔Adverse effects of antihistamines - ✔✔Drowsiness and sedation
Anticholinergic effects. Tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, and at doses
seizures, hallucination or delerium
✔✔What conditions should cause a patient to avoid antihistamines? - ✔✔not
recommended for patients older than 60 or under 6 years of age. Category B pregnancy
class, but can cause paradoxical reactions in some children. CAN SLOW URINE FLOW
IN MEN WITH BPH.
✔✔Mechanism of action of codeine in cough supression - ✔✔Works in medulla
oblongata area of the brain that controls cough.
✔✔Which Medications are considered antitussives - ✔✔suppress coughing
itself...codeine, dextromethorphan and benzochloraphate not expectorants like
guaifenesin
✔✔Upper respiratory infections treatment - ✔✔supportive care, fluids, resting.
Phenylephrine can be used for symptomatic relief in adults without HTN
✔✔Patient teaching when taking antacids - ✔✔May cause constipation or diarrhea
depending on type taken. aluminum =constipation ; magnesium = diarrhea.
✔✔Action of loperamide - ✔✔Opioid receptor agonists. Works similar to morphine which
decreases the activity of the tone of the smooth muscle in the GI tract and slows down
motility. Suppress the gastrocolic reflex which is activation with stomach stretch
encourages a bowel movement after eating.
✔✔adverse effects of bismuth subsalicylate - ✔✔black tongue or stools
✔✔who should not be given bismuth subsalicylate? - ✔✔children recovering from
illnesses; related to Rey Syndrome
✔✔When should bismuth subsalicylate be administered - ✔✔used prophylaxis for
travelers diarrhea as it binds to exotoxins made by e-coli. Take with each meal and at
bedtime. Multidrug with H-pylori
✔✔What lab values are needed with proton pump inhibitors? - ✔✔Iron, Calcium
Magnesium and Vitamin B12 absorption can be effected.
, ✔✔Proton pump Inhibitors risks: - ✔✔Decreased absorption of Iron and B12 lead to
anemias. So PPI may cause anemias. Decreased Calcium absorption can lead to
osteoporosis and fractures
✔✔Most rapid acting laxative. - ✔✔Stimulant laxatives specifically rectal bisacodyl
✔✔How does metoclopramide improve GERD? - ✔✔Affects D2 receptors and
chemoreceptor trigger zone in the CNS to prevent nausea and vomiting. Also decreases
the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter.
✔✔Step down approach with GERD - ✔✔Start with standard dose of PPI for 8 weeks. if
not resolved increase to double dose for 4-8 weeks. if no relief refer to GI. The goal is to
step down to the lowest PPI dose or transition to H2 blocker
✔✔Step up approach with GERD - ✔✔Lifestyle modification > OTC antacids > H2
blockers> PPIs. If esophagus erosive disease is discovered PPI central management.
✔✔1st line therapy for H.pylori - ✔✔PPI bid + Amoxicillin 1 gram BID + Clarithromycin
500mg BID x 7-14 days (usually 10 days to 2weeks). PCN allergy switch to
metronidazole. Affter ABX are finished continue PPI for 8-12 weeks.
✔✔2nd line treatment for H-pylor - ✔✔PPI+metronidazole + tetracycline + bismuth for
14 days.
✔✔How do you treat nausea and vomitting - ✔✔1st line = B6 + Unisom especially in
pregnant women. Ginger is helpful. Zofran is often useful in children with N/V/D as
Zofran is mildly constipating.
✔✔How do you treat constipation in children - ✔✔Miralax is 1st line treatment
✔✔Disadvantages of stimulant laxatives for prolonged periods of time. - ✔✔Increase
fluid and salt excretion and dependency
✔✔Mechanism of phenothiazine antiemetics - ✔✔Phenergan : block D2 receptors of
dopamine results in antipsychotic and antiemetic effects.
✔✔Mechanism of docusate sodium - ✔✔Laxative used to treat constipation. Increases
water absorption in feces.
✔✔Mechanism of action of PPI - ✔✔blocking the gastric pumps of the gastric parietal
cells at the terminal stage which stops gastric acid secretion. Decreases stomach acid.
