Med Surg 1 - W2 (Endocrine/DM) Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Pancreas Hormones Insulin
Glucagon
insulin target: cells of body
- lowers blood glucose levels by moving
glucose
into cells
glucagon target: liver
- promotes glycogenolysis (increases BG,
glycogen -> glucose)
target: muscles
- promotes gluconeogenesis (increases
BG, amino
acids -> glucose)
adrenal cortex hormones glucocorticoids (cortisol)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
,glucocorticorticoids (cortisol) from: anterior pituitary via ACTH
target: liver
- promotes gluconeogensis (increases BG)
target: body cells
- decreases glucose use, promotes protein
catabolism and fat synthesis
target: bone marrow
- suppresses inflammatory processes
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) from: anterior pituitary via ACTH
target: distal tubules and collecting ducts
of
kidneys
- promotes Na reabsorption and K
excretion
Adrenal medulla hormones catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine)
Catecholamines (epinephrine and target: body cells
norepinephrine) - mimics actions of sympathetic system
thyroid gland hormones triiodothyrone (T3)
thyroxine (T4)
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Triiodothyrone (T3) from: anterior pituitary via TSH
target: body cells
- increases metabolic rate
, Thyroxine (T4) from: anterior pituitary via TSH
target: body cells
- increases response to catecholamines
(epi and
norepi)
thyrocalcitonin (Calcitonin) target: bone
- decreases bone breakdown
target: kidneys
- decreases reabsorption of Ca in renal
tubules
target: intestines
- decreases reabsorption of Ca in
intestines
parathyroid gland hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH)
parathyroid hormone (PTH) target: bone
- increases bone breakdown
target: kidneys
- increases renal absorption of Ca
target: intestines
- increased GI reabsorption of Ca (Vit D
required)
hypothalamus hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Pancreas Hormones Insulin
Glucagon
insulin target: cells of body
- lowers blood glucose levels by moving
glucose
into cells
glucagon target: liver
- promotes glycogenolysis (increases BG,
glycogen -> glucose)
target: muscles
- promotes gluconeogenesis (increases
BG, amino
acids -> glucose)
adrenal cortex hormones glucocorticoids (cortisol)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
,glucocorticorticoids (cortisol) from: anterior pituitary via ACTH
target: liver
- promotes gluconeogensis (increases BG)
target: body cells
- decreases glucose use, promotes protein
catabolism and fat synthesis
target: bone marrow
- suppresses inflammatory processes
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) from: anterior pituitary via ACTH
target: distal tubules and collecting ducts
of
kidneys
- promotes Na reabsorption and K
excretion
Adrenal medulla hormones catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine)
Catecholamines (epinephrine and target: body cells
norepinephrine) - mimics actions of sympathetic system
thyroid gland hormones triiodothyrone (T3)
thyroxine (T4)
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Triiodothyrone (T3) from: anterior pituitary via TSH
target: body cells
- increases metabolic rate
, Thyroxine (T4) from: anterior pituitary via TSH
target: body cells
- increases response to catecholamines
(epi and
norepi)
thyrocalcitonin (Calcitonin) target: bone
- decreases bone breakdown
target: kidneys
- decreases reabsorption of Ca in renal
tubules
target: intestines
- decreases reabsorption of Ca in
intestines
parathyroid gland hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH)
parathyroid hormone (PTH) target: bone
- increases bone breakdown
target: kidneys
- increases renal absorption of Ca
target: intestines
- increased GI reabsorption of Ca (Vit D
required)
hypothalamus hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
