Med Surg 2 midterm final Exam Questions
and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Angina Angina is chest pain caused by
temporary decreased blood flow to the
heart muscle.
The heart muscle does not get enough
oxygen, but the lack of oxygen is short
and reversible, so the heart tissue does
not die.
Coronary arteries become narrow
Over time fat and cholesterol build up
inside the coronary arteries.
This buildup is called atherosclerosis.
The plaque makes the artery smaller, so
less blood can pass through.
,Chronic stable angina (CSA) Chronic stable angina (CSA) is
Acute coronary syndrome characterized by the chest discomfort
(ACS) described by the client as typical and
usually is relieved with rest or a single
nitroglycerin. CSA is attributable most
often to fixed or stable atherosclerotic
plaque.
■Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
describes clients experiencing unstable
angina or an acute myocardial infarction
(AMI). Unstable angina is characterized
by the chest discomfort described by the
client as occurring at rest or with activity
and may last longer than 15 minutes
unrelieved by nitroglycerin.
Types of Angina(CSA) ■
a. Stable (exertional) angina. Occurs with
exercise or emotional stress and is
relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
•Unstable (preinfarction) angina. Occurs
with exercise or at rest, but increases in
occurrence, severity, and duration over
time.
c. Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina. Due to a
coronary artery spasm, often occurring
during periods of rest.
, Angina risk factors Contributing Factors
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Family history
Advanced age Hyperlipidemia
Tobacco use
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Physical inactivity
angina manifestations Manifestations
■Chest pain or discomfort
■Pain in arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or
back
■Nausea
■Fatigue
■Shortness of breath
■Anxiety
■Diaphoresis
■Dizziness
Angina diagnostic Diagnostic Procedures
■12-lead ECG
■Stress test
■Cardiac catheterization
■Echocardiogram
■Cardiac enzymes and biomarkers
and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Angina Angina is chest pain caused by
temporary decreased blood flow to the
heart muscle.
The heart muscle does not get enough
oxygen, but the lack of oxygen is short
and reversible, so the heart tissue does
not die.
Coronary arteries become narrow
Over time fat and cholesterol build up
inside the coronary arteries.
This buildup is called atherosclerosis.
The plaque makes the artery smaller, so
less blood can pass through.
,Chronic stable angina (CSA) Chronic stable angina (CSA) is
Acute coronary syndrome characterized by the chest discomfort
(ACS) described by the client as typical and
usually is relieved with rest or a single
nitroglycerin. CSA is attributable most
often to fixed or stable atherosclerotic
plaque.
■Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
describes clients experiencing unstable
angina or an acute myocardial infarction
(AMI). Unstable angina is characterized
by the chest discomfort described by the
client as occurring at rest or with activity
and may last longer than 15 minutes
unrelieved by nitroglycerin.
Types of Angina(CSA) ■
a. Stable (exertional) angina. Occurs with
exercise or emotional stress and is
relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
•Unstable (preinfarction) angina. Occurs
with exercise or at rest, but increases in
occurrence, severity, and duration over
time.
c. Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina. Due to a
coronary artery spasm, often occurring
during periods of rest.
, Angina risk factors Contributing Factors
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Family history
Advanced age Hyperlipidemia
Tobacco use
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Physical inactivity
angina manifestations Manifestations
■Chest pain or discomfort
■Pain in arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or
back
■Nausea
■Fatigue
■Shortness of breath
■Anxiety
■Diaphoresis
■Dizziness
Angina diagnostic Diagnostic Procedures
■12-lead ECG
■Stress test
■Cardiac catheterization
■Echocardiogram
■Cardiac enzymes and biomarkers
