MED SURG - MIDTERM (ALL EXAMS /
CONDENSED DECK) Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
PVC / PAC electrolyte imbalance / caffeine
beta blocker / antiarrhythmic
sinus bradycardia < 60 bpm
atropine 1mg
sinus tachycardia > 100 bpm
beta blocker / CCB
Afib palpitations / SOB / dizzy / ■■ TSH
beta blocker / CCB / defib
aflutter palpitations / SOB / dizzy / ■■ TSH
beta blocker / CCB / cardioversion / defib
SVT electrolyte imbalance / caffeine
SOB / angina / dizzy
vagal maneuver / adenosine
vfib collapse / LOC
cocaine / amphetamines
DEFIB + CPR / amiodarone
,vtach > 150 bpm
Palpitations / dizzy / angina / SOB
MI / electrolyte imbalance
amiodarone
Torsades de pointe tachycardia / magnesium imbalance
mag sulfate IV
CHF heart can't pump blood effectively
BNP ■■ > 100
monitor I+O / fluid restriction / low sodium
L side CHF pulmonary edema / pink frothy sputum
R side CHF anasarca / ascites / liver & spleen
enlargement /
JVD
Digoxin afib / CHF / heart block
APICAL PULSE!!! / hold for < 60 BPM
.8-2 (> 2 toxic) / digitization (loading dose)
toxicity (anorexia / NV / headache / yellow
green
halos / digibind (reversal agent)) ■■K+
can cause
toxicity
AKI sudden decline in kidney function
dehydration / CHF
, CKD progressive loss of kidney function /
Diabetes /
Hypertension / Glomerulonephritis
low urine output / uremic frost (ESRD) /
F&E
imbalance (■■K+) / proteinuria
STAGE 1: ■■90 GFR / STAGE 2: 60-89
GFR / STAGE
3A: 45-59 GFR / STAGE 3B: 30-44 GFR /
STAGE 4:
15-29 SEVERE DAMAGE / STAGE 5:
■■15 MOST
SEVERE KIDNEY DAMAGE
(TRANSPLANT/DIALYSIS)
SC ■■(.6-1.2) / BUN (10-20) ■■ / GFR
(90-120) ■■
Na restriction / fluid restriction
(500-1000mL/day)/
protein restriction / ■■caloric intake
VHD murmur (turbulent blood flow) / SOB /
fatigue /
chest pain / dizzy
Rheumatic heart disease (strep) /
endocarditis
CBC / echocardiography / cardiac
catheterization
Biologic tissue (animal or human) ■■clot
risk /
Mechanical: more durable but require
lifetime of
anticoagulants ■■clot risk (valve
thrombosis) /
heparin
LOW K+ FOODS / LOW SODIUM diet
CONDENSED DECK) Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
PVC / PAC electrolyte imbalance / caffeine
beta blocker / antiarrhythmic
sinus bradycardia < 60 bpm
atropine 1mg
sinus tachycardia > 100 bpm
beta blocker / CCB
Afib palpitations / SOB / dizzy / ■■ TSH
beta blocker / CCB / defib
aflutter palpitations / SOB / dizzy / ■■ TSH
beta blocker / CCB / cardioversion / defib
SVT electrolyte imbalance / caffeine
SOB / angina / dizzy
vagal maneuver / adenosine
vfib collapse / LOC
cocaine / amphetamines
DEFIB + CPR / amiodarone
,vtach > 150 bpm
Palpitations / dizzy / angina / SOB
MI / electrolyte imbalance
amiodarone
Torsades de pointe tachycardia / magnesium imbalance
mag sulfate IV
CHF heart can't pump blood effectively
BNP ■■ > 100
monitor I+O / fluid restriction / low sodium
L side CHF pulmonary edema / pink frothy sputum
R side CHF anasarca / ascites / liver & spleen
enlargement /
JVD
Digoxin afib / CHF / heart block
APICAL PULSE!!! / hold for < 60 BPM
.8-2 (> 2 toxic) / digitization (loading dose)
toxicity (anorexia / NV / headache / yellow
green
halos / digibind (reversal agent)) ■■K+
can cause
toxicity
AKI sudden decline in kidney function
dehydration / CHF
, CKD progressive loss of kidney function /
Diabetes /
Hypertension / Glomerulonephritis
low urine output / uremic frost (ESRD) /
F&E
imbalance (■■K+) / proteinuria
STAGE 1: ■■90 GFR / STAGE 2: 60-89
GFR / STAGE
3A: 45-59 GFR / STAGE 3B: 30-44 GFR /
STAGE 4:
15-29 SEVERE DAMAGE / STAGE 5:
■■15 MOST
SEVERE KIDNEY DAMAGE
(TRANSPLANT/DIALYSIS)
SC ■■(.6-1.2) / BUN (10-20) ■■ / GFR
(90-120) ■■
Na restriction / fluid restriction
(500-1000mL/day)/
protein restriction / ■■caloric intake
VHD murmur (turbulent blood flow) / SOB /
fatigue /
chest pain / dizzy
Rheumatic heart disease (strep) /
endocarditis
CBC / echocardiography / cardiac
catheterization
Biologic tissue (animal or human) ■■clot
risk /
Mechanical: more durable but require
lifetime of
anticoagulants ■■clot risk (valve
thrombosis) /
heparin
LOW K+ FOODS / LOW SODIUM diet
