PSY 101 Exam 3 V2 | PSY 101 Foundations
of Psychology | StraighterLine | Q&A with
Rationale (StraighterLine PSY101 Exam 3)
1. According to Jean Piaget, during which stage of cognitive development do children begin to
understand the concept of conservation?
A. Sensorimotor Stage
B. Concrete Operational Stage
C. Preoperational Stage
D. Formal Operational Stage
Answer: B
Rationale: The concrete operational stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.
During this period, children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events. Understanding conservation means they recognize that quantity
remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.
2. In Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict faced
during adolescence?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
,D. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescence is characterized by the search for a sense of self and personal
identity. Individuals explore different roles, values, and goals to determine who they are.
Failure to resolve this conflict can lead to an insecure sense of self and confusion about
one’s place in society.
3. Which component of Freud’s personality structure operates entirely in the unconscious
mind and is driven by the pleasure principle?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Ideal Self
Answer: A
Rationale: The Id is the most primitive part of the personality that is present from birth. It
seeks immediate gratification of basic instinctual drives such as hunger, thirst, and sex.
Because it operates on the pleasure principle, it does not consider reality or moral
constraints.
4. Which psychological researcher conducted the famous study on obedience where
participants were instructed to deliver electric shocks to a ‘learner’?
A. Stanley Milgram
, B. Solomon Asch
C. Philip Zimbardo
D. Albert Bandura
Answer: A
Rationale: Stanley Milgram’s experiments investigated the conflict between obedience to
authority and personal conscience. The study revealed that a high percentage of
participants were willing to follow orders even when they believed they were harming
another person. This research highlighted the powerful influence of situational factors on
individual behavior.
5. In the ‘Big Five’ personality theory, which trait refers to the tendency to be organized,
dependable, and disciplined?
A. Openness to Experience
B. Conscientiousness
C. Extraversion
D. Agreeableness
Answer: B
Rationale: Conscientiousness involves a preference for planned rather than spontaneous
behavior. Individuals high in this trait are often hardworking, reliable, and goal-oriented.
of Psychology | StraighterLine | Q&A with
Rationale (StraighterLine PSY101 Exam 3)
1. According to Jean Piaget, during which stage of cognitive development do children begin to
understand the concept of conservation?
A. Sensorimotor Stage
B. Concrete Operational Stage
C. Preoperational Stage
D. Formal Operational Stage
Answer: B
Rationale: The concrete operational stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.
During this period, children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events. Understanding conservation means they recognize that quantity
remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.
2. In Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict faced
during adolescence?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
,D. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescence is characterized by the search for a sense of self and personal
identity. Individuals explore different roles, values, and goals to determine who they are.
Failure to resolve this conflict can lead to an insecure sense of self and confusion about
one’s place in society.
3. Which component of Freud’s personality structure operates entirely in the unconscious
mind and is driven by the pleasure principle?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Ideal Self
Answer: A
Rationale: The Id is the most primitive part of the personality that is present from birth. It
seeks immediate gratification of basic instinctual drives such as hunger, thirst, and sex.
Because it operates on the pleasure principle, it does not consider reality or moral
constraints.
4. Which psychological researcher conducted the famous study on obedience where
participants were instructed to deliver electric shocks to a ‘learner’?
A. Stanley Milgram
, B. Solomon Asch
C. Philip Zimbardo
D. Albert Bandura
Answer: A
Rationale: Stanley Milgram’s experiments investigated the conflict between obedience to
authority and personal conscience. The study revealed that a high percentage of
participants were willing to follow orders even when they believed they were harming
another person. This research highlighted the powerful influence of situational factors on
individual behavior.
5. In the ‘Big Five’ personality theory, which trait refers to the tendency to be organized,
dependable, and disciplined?
A. Openness to Experience
B. Conscientiousness
C. Extraversion
D. Agreeableness
Answer: B
Rationale: Conscientiousness involves a preference for planned rather than spontaneous
behavior. Individuals high in this trait are often hardworking, reliable, and goal-oriented.
