, |
PSYC 426 Final Exam Questions and Answers
Psychometrics & Individual Differences (Alex Morin) |
construc
Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+ | 100% Pass.
t
given
ii ii
Bias
The presence of a systematic difference in the estimation of scores on a
of validity
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
(i.e. validity) for a given group
ii ii ii ii ii
groups Whats
**Systematic error = validity, THUS bias is about the difference in terms ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Some tests might be biased for members of specific cultural (or other)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the difference between bias and margin of error?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Margin of error is about random measurement error one group
to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
Every test contains a margin of error, which is normal)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
But bias is present when the margin of error differs systematically from another
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Whats the difference between bias and mean difference?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
ii
Mean Difference ≠ Bias iiii Mean difference = When ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
theres a true difference that exists between
difference
groups is ii
Groups may truly differ on the construct even if the cause of the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unknown, or we ideally wish the differences didn't exit ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
does ii ii
Bias = When the validity of the test is different between groups
ii ii better
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Something systematically wrong with the test so one group always
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
than the other (which does not reflect a true different)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
The 3 Type of Bias
ii ii ii ii
1) Content Validity Bias
ii ii ii
2) Construct Validity Bias
ii ii ii
3) Predictive Validity Bias (criterion)
ii
of one
ii ii ii
ii
group
ii ii
Content Validity Bias ii ii
When an item or sub-scale is systematically MORE difficult for members
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
compared to another, despite skill level being controlled for **Essentially item
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
difficulty!!
ii
This bias is not so much about content -- but rather test difficulty) How cultural
group
ii
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
to Test for Content Validity Bias?
ii ii ii ii ii
1) Create subsamples with comparable scores on the test within each
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(
,ii
-
ii
-
ii
ii
(
ii
, 2) Within these subsamples, assess the item difficulty level to see if it differs across
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
cultural groups (are scores convertible across cultures?)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
- If it differ for one group, then those items must be reassessed or removed
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
**Simply using expert judges to "assess" whether the item content is proper does NOT
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
work, bc experts are themselves members of specific cultures!
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Construct Validity Bias ii ii
PSYC 426 Final Exam Questions and Answers
Psychometrics & Individual Differences (Alex Morin) |
construc
Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+ | 100% Pass.
t
given
ii ii
Bias
The presence of a systematic difference in the estimation of scores on a
of validity
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
(i.e. validity) for a given group
ii ii ii ii ii
groups Whats
**Systematic error = validity, THUS bias is about the difference in terms ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Some tests might be biased for members of specific cultural (or other)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the difference between bias and margin of error?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Margin of error is about random measurement error one group
to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
Every test contains a margin of error, which is normal)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
But bias is present when the margin of error differs systematically from another
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Whats the difference between bias and mean difference?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii
ii
Mean Difference ≠ Bias iiii Mean difference = When ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
theres a true difference that exists between
difference
groups is ii
Groups may truly differ on the construct even if the cause of the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unknown, or we ideally wish the differences didn't exit ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
does ii ii
Bias = When the validity of the test is different between groups
ii ii better
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Something systematically wrong with the test so one group always
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
than the other (which does not reflect a true different)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
The 3 Type of Bias
ii ii ii ii
1) Content Validity Bias
ii ii ii
2) Construct Validity Bias
ii ii ii
3) Predictive Validity Bias (criterion)
ii
of one
ii ii ii
ii
group
ii ii
Content Validity Bias ii ii
When an item or sub-scale is systematically MORE difficult for members
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
compared to another, despite skill level being controlled for **Essentially item
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
difficulty!!
ii
This bias is not so much about content -- but rather test difficulty) How cultural
group
ii
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
to Test for Content Validity Bias?
ii ii ii ii ii
1) Create subsamples with comparable scores on the test within each
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(
,ii
-
ii
-
ii
ii
(
ii
, 2) Within these subsamples, assess the item difficulty level to see if it differs across
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
cultural groups (are scores convertible across cultures?)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
- If it differ for one group, then those items must be reassessed or removed
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
**Simply using expert judges to "assess" whether the item content is proper does NOT
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
work, bc experts are themselves members of specific cultures!
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Construct Validity Bias ii ii
