LOGICAL FALLACIES UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● Red Herring
Answer: A red herring is the introduction of an irrelevant or random
point into an argument mean to change the subject.
●● Ad-hominem
Answer: In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on
the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "turn to the man."
●● Tu quoque
Answer: Dismissing someone's argument because he or she is being
hypocritical.
●● Faulty Appeal to Authority
Answer: A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by
giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous
person or institution.
●● Appeal to People
, Answer: When we assume a viewpoint is correct because many people
agree with it.
●● Strawman
Answer: Misrepresenting or exaggerating someone else's argument to
make it easier to attack.
●● No True Scotsman
Answer: Making what could be called an appeal to purity as a way to
dismiss relevant criticisms or flaws of an argument. John: "No Scotsman
would ever drink wine." Jim: "But McDougal is a Scotsman and he
drinks wine." John: "Well, no true Scotsman would ever drink wine."
●● Making Assumptions
Answer: Circular Reasoning
Loaded Question
Whole to Part
Either-Or (Black or White)
Slippery Slope
●● Circular Reasoning
Answer: A logical fallacy in which the conclusion is hidden within the
premises. Typically called "circular reasoning." From Plato's Euthyphro
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● Red Herring
Answer: A red herring is the introduction of an irrelevant or random
point into an argument mean to change the subject.
●● Ad-hominem
Answer: In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on
the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "turn to the man."
●● Tu quoque
Answer: Dismissing someone's argument because he or she is being
hypocritical.
●● Faulty Appeal to Authority
Answer: A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by
giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous
person or institution.
●● Appeal to People
, Answer: When we assume a viewpoint is correct because many people
agree with it.
●● Strawman
Answer: Misrepresenting or exaggerating someone else's argument to
make it easier to attack.
●● No True Scotsman
Answer: Making what could be called an appeal to purity as a way to
dismiss relevant criticisms or flaws of an argument. John: "No Scotsman
would ever drink wine." Jim: "But McDougal is a Scotsman and he
drinks wine." John: "Well, no true Scotsman would ever drink wine."
●● Making Assumptions
Answer: Circular Reasoning
Loaded Question
Whole to Part
Either-Or (Black or White)
Slippery Slope
●● Circular Reasoning
Answer: A logical fallacy in which the conclusion is hidden within the
premises. Typically called "circular reasoning." From Plato's Euthyphro
