PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT EXAM 1 – COLLEGE OF DUPAGE 2026/2027 | COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
PERRLA - correct answer ✔✔Pupils: Equal, Round, React to Light, Accommodate
IPPA - correct answer ✔✔Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultate
Optic Disc - correct answer ✔✔Area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic
nerve
Macula - correct answer ✔✔Located on the temporal side of the fundus. Receives and
transduces light from the center of the visual field
Retina - correct answer ✔✔Visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed
into nerve impulses
Lens - correct answer ✔✔Located posterior to pupil. Serves as a refracting medium, keeping a
viewed object in continual focus on the retina
Nystagmus - correct answer ✔✔Fine, oscillating movement best seen around the iris. Mild
_____ at an extreme lateral gaze is normal. At another position, indicates an abnormality.
Arcus Senilis - correct answer ✔✔Gray-white arc or circle around cornea. Caused by lipid
deposits. Has no effect on vision
Ectropion - correct answer ✔✔Lower lid is loose and rolling out. Puncta cannot siphon tears
effectively-excess tearing results. Eyes feel dry and itchy Exposed conjuctiva increases risk for
inflammation
,Entropion - correct answer ✔✔Lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissue
contracting
Blepharitis - correct answer ✔✔Inflammation of the eyelids
Hordeolum - correct answer ✔✔(Stye) Acute localized staphylococcal infection of the hair
follicles at lid margin
Chalazion - correct answer ✔✔infection or retention cyst of a meibornian gland
Ptosis - correct answer ✔✔Occurs from neuromuscular weakness or nerve damage. Drooping
upper eyelid
Exophthalmos - correct answer ✔✔Protruding eyes. White sclera above iris is visible
Exotropia - correct answer ✔✔outward turning of the eyes
Esotropia - correct answer ✔✔inward turning of the eyes
Presbyopia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in power of accommodation with aging. Suggested
when person moves object further away
Cataracts - correct answer ✔✔Clouding of crystalline lens from a clumping of proteins
Glaucoma - correct answer ✔✔Optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of peripheral
vision, caused by increased intraocular pressure
, Age-related Macular Degeneration - correct answer ✔✔loss of central vision by caused by
yellow deposits (drusen) and neurovascularity in the macula.
Age-related Changes to the Eyes - correct answer ✔✔-loss of depth perception or central vision
may occur
-decreased tear production
-presbyopia (hardening of lens)
Age-related changes to Integumentary System - correct answer ✔✔-thinning of hair
-decreased skin elasticity
-decreased subcutaneous fat
-decreased skin moisture
-decrease temperature perception
-temperature is more difficult to regulate (decreased ability to sweat, loss of subcutaneous fat
makes them colder)
Red Flag of Headache - correct answer ✔✔Sever headache in an adult or child who has never
had a headache like this before
Craniostynosis - correct answer ✔✔Premature closing of one of multiple cranial sutures results
in malformed head and cosmetic deformity
Allergic Salute and Crease - correct answer ✔✔Transverse line on the nose indicating chronic
allergies
Stroke - correct answer ✔✔Paralysis of lower facial muscles, upper half of face is not affected
because of the intact nerve from the unaffected hemisphere. Person still able to wrinkle
forehead and close their eyes
GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
PERRLA - correct answer ✔✔Pupils: Equal, Round, React to Light, Accommodate
IPPA - correct answer ✔✔Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultate
Optic Disc - correct answer ✔✔Area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic
nerve
Macula - correct answer ✔✔Located on the temporal side of the fundus. Receives and
transduces light from the center of the visual field
Retina - correct answer ✔✔Visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed
into nerve impulses
Lens - correct answer ✔✔Located posterior to pupil. Serves as a refracting medium, keeping a
viewed object in continual focus on the retina
Nystagmus - correct answer ✔✔Fine, oscillating movement best seen around the iris. Mild
_____ at an extreme lateral gaze is normal. At another position, indicates an abnormality.
Arcus Senilis - correct answer ✔✔Gray-white arc or circle around cornea. Caused by lipid
deposits. Has no effect on vision
Ectropion - correct answer ✔✔Lower lid is loose and rolling out. Puncta cannot siphon tears
effectively-excess tearing results. Eyes feel dry and itchy Exposed conjuctiva increases risk for
inflammation
,Entropion - correct answer ✔✔Lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissue
contracting
Blepharitis - correct answer ✔✔Inflammation of the eyelids
Hordeolum - correct answer ✔✔(Stye) Acute localized staphylococcal infection of the hair
follicles at lid margin
Chalazion - correct answer ✔✔infection or retention cyst of a meibornian gland
Ptosis - correct answer ✔✔Occurs from neuromuscular weakness or nerve damage. Drooping
upper eyelid
Exophthalmos - correct answer ✔✔Protruding eyes. White sclera above iris is visible
Exotropia - correct answer ✔✔outward turning of the eyes
Esotropia - correct answer ✔✔inward turning of the eyes
Presbyopia - correct answer ✔✔decrease in power of accommodation with aging. Suggested
when person moves object further away
Cataracts - correct answer ✔✔Clouding of crystalline lens from a clumping of proteins
Glaucoma - correct answer ✔✔Optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of peripheral
vision, caused by increased intraocular pressure
, Age-related Macular Degeneration - correct answer ✔✔loss of central vision by caused by
yellow deposits (drusen) and neurovascularity in the macula.
Age-related Changes to the Eyes - correct answer ✔✔-loss of depth perception or central vision
may occur
-decreased tear production
-presbyopia (hardening of lens)
Age-related changes to Integumentary System - correct answer ✔✔-thinning of hair
-decreased skin elasticity
-decreased subcutaneous fat
-decreased skin moisture
-decrease temperature perception
-temperature is more difficult to regulate (decreased ability to sweat, loss of subcutaneous fat
makes them colder)
Red Flag of Headache - correct answer ✔✔Sever headache in an adult or child who has never
had a headache like this before
Craniostynosis - correct answer ✔✔Premature closing of one of multiple cranial sutures results
in malformed head and cosmetic deformity
Allergic Salute and Crease - correct answer ✔✔Transverse line on the nose indicating chronic
allergies
Stroke - correct answer ✔✔Paralysis of lower facial muscles, upper half of face is not affected
because of the intact nerve from the unaffected hemisphere. Person still able to wrinkle
forehead and close their eyes
