Information Technology
Management - C954
Study Guide
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
and Rationales | Latest Update | Grade
A+ | 2026/2027
,fact The confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age A time when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can
use a computer
internet of things (IoT) A world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the
ability to collect and share data without human intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) refers to devices that connect directly to there devices
data aggregation The collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing
structured data data that has defined length, type and format and includes numbers, dates, or
strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience a blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic environments creating a real-time
ambient environment that changes as the user moves form one place to another
Internet of Everything (IoE) a concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasis on machine-to-
machine communications to describe a more complex system that also
encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent software that carries out some set of operations on behalf of a user or another
program with some degree of independence or autonomy, and employ some
knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing a self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human
body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations; the actual
conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added the term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value
of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) consists of several stand alone businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the
right time and place in a specific company
tactical planning focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the
strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) deals with the day to day procedures for performing work, including scheduling,
inventory, and process management
,International Organization for Standardization (ISO) a non-governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the
development of world standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods
and services
process quality main goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality the goal is to detect potential problems to prevent their occurrence and achieve
no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards 1987 U.S. standard awarding quality awards in seven key areas: leadership,
strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and analysis, human
resources focus, process management, and business results
ISO 900 international organization for standardization (1947) requiring a company to
determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal requirements including
communication arrangements. Other standards involve process control, product
testing, storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 collection of best practices for managing an organizations impact on the
environment
CMMI capability maturity integration is a framework for best practices. Does not
describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics of good
processes, thus providing efficient guidelines.
inputs land, labor, capital, information
transformation conversion process
outputs goods & services
storage virtualization combines multiple network storage devices so that they appear to be a single
storage device
network virtualization combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent
channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific device
server virtualization combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating
systems, from the applications
system virtualization the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collation of
separate computers (virtual machines)
multi-tenancy a single instance of a system serves multiple customers
cloud fabric controller an individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources similar to a server
administrator at an individual company
, cloud fabric the software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible
hybrid cloud includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud
remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and
application portability
cloud bursting when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and
accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for high/peak load requirements,
ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system
crashes
utility computing offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or
electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers hardware networking capabilities, including use of servers, networking,
and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) Offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data
form disruption caused by disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) facilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely, secure, and
affordable manner
Moore's Law refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months
upcycle reuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance method or system of government for management or control
information systems audit and control association a set of guidelines and supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted
(USACA) worldwide and generally used by auditors and companies as a way to integrate
technology to implement controls and meet specific business objectives
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) a framework provided by the government of the UK that offers eight sets of
management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) key for evaluating internal controls such as human resources, logistics, IT, risk,
legal, marketing and sales, operations, financial functions, procurement, and
reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method a process improvement approach that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture a process for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and share its data,
processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization occurs when an organization moves employees outside its firewall, a growing
movement to change the way corporations address technology security
Management - C954
Study Guide
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
and Rationales | Latest Update | Grade
A+ | 2026/2027
,fact The confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age A time when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can
use a computer
internet of things (IoT) A world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the
ability to collect and share data without human intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) refers to devices that connect directly to there devices
data aggregation The collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing
structured data data that has defined length, type and format and includes numbers, dates, or
strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience a blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic environments creating a real-time
ambient environment that changes as the user moves form one place to another
Internet of Everything (IoE) a concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasis on machine-to-
machine communications to describe a more complex system that also
encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent software that carries out some set of operations on behalf of a user or another
program with some degree of independence or autonomy, and employ some
knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing a self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human
body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations; the actual
conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added the term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value
of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) consists of several stand alone businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the
right time and place in a specific company
tactical planning focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the
strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) deals with the day to day procedures for performing work, including scheduling,
inventory, and process management
,International Organization for Standardization (ISO) a non-governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the
development of world standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods
and services
process quality main goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality the goal is to detect potential problems to prevent their occurrence and achieve
no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards 1987 U.S. standard awarding quality awards in seven key areas: leadership,
strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and analysis, human
resources focus, process management, and business results
ISO 900 international organization for standardization (1947) requiring a company to
determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal requirements including
communication arrangements. Other standards involve process control, product
testing, storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 collection of best practices for managing an organizations impact on the
environment
CMMI capability maturity integration is a framework for best practices. Does not
describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics of good
processes, thus providing efficient guidelines.
inputs land, labor, capital, information
transformation conversion process
outputs goods & services
storage virtualization combines multiple network storage devices so that they appear to be a single
storage device
network virtualization combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent
channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific device
server virtualization combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating
systems, from the applications
system virtualization the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collation of
separate computers (virtual machines)
multi-tenancy a single instance of a system serves multiple customers
cloud fabric controller an individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources similar to a server
administrator at an individual company
, cloud fabric the software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible
hybrid cloud includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud
remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and
application portability
cloud bursting when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and
accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for high/peak load requirements,
ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system
crashes
utility computing offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or
electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers hardware networking capabilities, including use of servers, networking,
and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) Offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data
form disruption caused by disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) facilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely, secure, and
affordable manner
Moore's Law refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months
upcycle reuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance method or system of government for management or control
information systems audit and control association a set of guidelines and supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted
(USACA) worldwide and generally used by auditors and companies as a way to integrate
technology to implement controls and meet specific business objectives
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) a framework provided by the government of the UK that offers eight sets of
management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) key for evaluating internal controls such as human resources, logistics, IT, risk,
legal, marketing and sales, operations, financial functions, procurement, and
reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method a process improvement approach that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture a process for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and share its data,
processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization occurs when an organization moves employees outside its firewall, a growing
movement to change the way corporations address technology security
