NRS 316 LATEST FINAL EXAM 2026-27
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND |100%
ACCURATE GRADED A|
SOLVED|UPDATED
what is addiction?
Compulsive psychological and physiological dependence on a substance that extends
to the individual's lying or breaking the laws to obtain the substance.
what are the classifications of substances?
alcohol
sedative- hypnotic
stimulants: caffeine, nicotine
inhalants
opioids
hallucinogens
cannabinoids
what makes a drug legal or illegal?
risk
legitimate medicinal purpose
cultural biases
racial biases
politics
what is substance abuse?
any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes
what is substance dependence?
tolerance and withdrawal
what is tolerance?
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to
take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
what is withdrawal?
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
What are co-occurring disorders?
Diagnosis of two or more disorders at the same time (dual-diagnosis) ex. Mental Health
and Substance use disorders
what is cross tolerance?
one drug can produce tolerance to other drugs that act by the same mechanism
what is a craving?
strong desire to engage in a behavior or consume a substance
what is harm reduction?
a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences
associated with drug use
, What is intoxication?
the state in which a person's mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or
another substance
what is the physiologic process of addiction?
Neuro-chemical interactions
Addictive substance linked to reward center in brain
primary prevention for addiction
- identification of specific drug problems in the community, and then building on
resources
- successful models promote healthy families and healthy communities
- promotion of individual positive coping strategies
What is the CAGE assessment?
Cut down - Have you thought you ought to CUT down your drinking?
Annoyed - Have people ANNOYED you criticizing your drinking?
Guilty - Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking?
Eye Opener - Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady to your
nerves or get rid of a hangover?
What is AUDIT?
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
10 item screening tool by WHO
Assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors
What is SBIRT used for?
outlines the screening protocol and referral pathway for Alcohol-Related Disorders
What are some common substance use/ addiction symptoms?
fatigue, insomnia, headache, anorexia, reported sexual dysfunction, reported change in
mood, reported weight loss, vague physical complaints, frequent injuries/ accidents
emergency management for substance abuse
goal is to prevent life threatening complications/ manage withdrawal symptoms/ prevent
complications with the disease
treatment is substance and complication specific
what is the goal of recovery for patient with substance abuse?
help patient to get the help needed to achieve and maintain sobriety
collaborative care is used to facilitate: success in recovery includes motivational
interviewing
How does lorazepam and diazepam work?
increases the inhibitory action of GABA causing CNS depression
primary symptom target for lorazepam and diazepam
decrease anxiety
decrease insomnia
decrease seizure activity
decrease muscle spasm
helps with alcohol withdrawal
induction of anesthesia
wha are the adverse outcomes of lorazepam and diazepam?
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND |100%
ACCURATE GRADED A|
SOLVED|UPDATED
what is addiction?
Compulsive psychological and physiological dependence on a substance that extends
to the individual's lying or breaking the laws to obtain the substance.
what are the classifications of substances?
alcohol
sedative- hypnotic
stimulants: caffeine, nicotine
inhalants
opioids
hallucinogens
cannabinoids
what makes a drug legal or illegal?
risk
legitimate medicinal purpose
cultural biases
racial biases
politics
what is substance abuse?
any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes
what is substance dependence?
tolerance and withdrawal
what is tolerance?
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to
take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
what is withdrawal?
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
What are co-occurring disorders?
Diagnosis of two or more disorders at the same time (dual-diagnosis) ex. Mental Health
and Substance use disorders
what is cross tolerance?
one drug can produce tolerance to other drugs that act by the same mechanism
what is a craving?
strong desire to engage in a behavior or consume a substance
what is harm reduction?
a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences
associated with drug use
, What is intoxication?
the state in which a person's mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or
another substance
what is the physiologic process of addiction?
Neuro-chemical interactions
Addictive substance linked to reward center in brain
primary prevention for addiction
- identification of specific drug problems in the community, and then building on
resources
- successful models promote healthy families and healthy communities
- promotion of individual positive coping strategies
What is the CAGE assessment?
Cut down - Have you thought you ought to CUT down your drinking?
Annoyed - Have people ANNOYED you criticizing your drinking?
Guilty - Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking?
Eye Opener - Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady to your
nerves or get rid of a hangover?
What is AUDIT?
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
10 item screening tool by WHO
Assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors
What is SBIRT used for?
outlines the screening protocol and referral pathway for Alcohol-Related Disorders
What are some common substance use/ addiction symptoms?
fatigue, insomnia, headache, anorexia, reported sexual dysfunction, reported change in
mood, reported weight loss, vague physical complaints, frequent injuries/ accidents
emergency management for substance abuse
goal is to prevent life threatening complications/ manage withdrawal symptoms/ prevent
complications with the disease
treatment is substance and complication specific
what is the goal of recovery for patient with substance abuse?
help patient to get the help needed to achieve and maintain sobriety
collaborative care is used to facilitate: success in recovery includes motivational
interviewing
How does lorazepam and diazepam work?
increases the inhibitory action of GABA causing CNS depression
primary symptom target for lorazepam and diazepam
decrease anxiety
decrease insomnia
decrease seizure activity
decrease muscle spasm
helps with alcohol withdrawal
induction of anesthesia
wha are the adverse outcomes of lorazepam and diazepam?
