HONDROS COLLEGE BIO 117 FINAL
EXAMS LATEST 2026 SPRING SUMMER
QUARTER: ACTUAL QUESTION AND
ANSWER GRADED A
allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium to bypass
pulmonary circulation
foramen ovale
carries blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; allows some blood to
bypass the liver
ductus venosus
atrial contraction; systole; p wave
atrial depolarization
max volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation
vital capacity
allows blood in pulmonary artery to flow directly into the descending aorta to
bypass the pulmonary circulation
ductus arteriosus
ventricular relaxtion; diastole; t wave
ventricular repolarization
most important stimulus for the release of aldosterone
renin
volume of air in lungs following maximal inhalation
,total lung capacity
provides oxygenated blood to brain
circle of willis
aorta; left pulmonary veins; left atrium; left ventricle; bicuspid
structures that carry oxygenated blood (left heart)
pulmonary arteries; vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid
structures that carry unoxygenated blood (right heart)
transport unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
umbilical vein
volume of air that remains in lung after forceful exhalation
residual volume
ventricular contraction; systole; qrs complex
ventricular depolarization
located between left ventricle and left aorta
aortic semilunar valve
located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonic semilunar
two semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
pushes blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk-lungs
right ventricle
,decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases pressure in the lungs
exhalation
space between the vocal cords
glottis/rima glottidis
vagus nerve effects
sa node
pacemaker of the heart
SA node
right heart pumps blood to the
pulmonary circulation
acetylcholine; rest; decrease temp; hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia;
parasympathetic nervous system
factors that decrease heart rate
norepinephrine; epinephrine; stress; increase in temp; anticholinergic drugs;
hypokalemia; hypercalcemia
factors that increase heart rate
Left AV valve
Bicuspid
what substance is secreted in urine to decrease bloods ph
bicarbonte HCO3
what substance is secreted in urine to increase bloods ph
hydrogen ions
plasma protein albumin is produced by
, liver
volume of blood pumped from one ventricular of the heart with each beat
stroke volume
volume of blood being pumped by heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in
the time of one minute
cardiac output
vagus nerve
decreases heart rate
Right AV valve
Tricuspid
septum between right and left atria
foramen ovale
eliminated when we have acidosis
hydrogen ions
only structure of respiratory tract that is part of digestive system
pharynx
protein inside red blood cells that carry oxygento cells and carbon dioxide to the
lungs
hemoglobin
loss of negative intrapleural pressure
collapses lung
measured during normal quiet breathing
tidal volume
EXAMS LATEST 2026 SPRING SUMMER
QUARTER: ACTUAL QUESTION AND
ANSWER GRADED A
allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium to bypass
pulmonary circulation
foramen ovale
carries blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; allows some blood to
bypass the liver
ductus venosus
atrial contraction; systole; p wave
atrial depolarization
max volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation
vital capacity
allows blood in pulmonary artery to flow directly into the descending aorta to
bypass the pulmonary circulation
ductus arteriosus
ventricular relaxtion; diastole; t wave
ventricular repolarization
most important stimulus for the release of aldosterone
renin
volume of air in lungs following maximal inhalation
,total lung capacity
provides oxygenated blood to brain
circle of willis
aorta; left pulmonary veins; left atrium; left ventricle; bicuspid
structures that carry oxygenated blood (left heart)
pulmonary arteries; vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid
structures that carry unoxygenated blood (right heart)
transport unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
umbilical vein
volume of air that remains in lung after forceful exhalation
residual volume
ventricular contraction; systole; qrs complex
ventricular depolarization
located between left ventricle and left aorta
aortic semilunar valve
located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonic semilunar
two semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
pushes blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk-lungs
right ventricle
,decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases pressure in the lungs
exhalation
space between the vocal cords
glottis/rima glottidis
vagus nerve effects
sa node
pacemaker of the heart
SA node
right heart pumps blood to the
pulmonary circulation
acetylcholine; rest; decrease temp; hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia;
parasympathetic nervous system
factors that decrease heart rate
norepinephrine; epinephrine; stress; increase in temp; anticholinergic drugs;
hypokalemia; hypercalcemia
factors that increase heart rate
Left AV valve
Bicuspid
what substance is secreted in urine to decrease bloods ph
bicarbonte HCO3
what substance is secreted in urine to increase bloods ph
hydrogen ions
plasma protein albumin is produced by
, liver
volume of blood pumped from one ventricular of the heart with each beat
stroke volume
volume of blood being pumped by heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in
the time of one minute
cardiac output
vagus nerve
decreases heart rate
Right AV valve
Tricuspid
septum between right and left atria
foramen ovale
eliminated when we have acidosis
hydrogen ions
only structure of respiratory tract that is part of digestive system
pharynx
protein inside red blood cells that carry oxygento cells and carbon dioxide to the
lungs
hemoglobin
loss of negative intrapleural pressure
collapses lung
measured during normal quiet breathing
tidal volume
