ATI Pharmacology Renal and
Electrolyte Medications Latest
Practice Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. A client is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte
should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Phosphate
D. Sodium
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes
potassium loss, increasing risk for hypokalemia.
2. Which medication is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Mannitol
C. Spironolactone
D. Furosemide
,Answer: C. Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone conserves potassium by blocking
aldosterone.
3. A client taking lisinopril should be monitored for which
adverse effect?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors decrease aldosterone, causing
potassium retention.
4. Which diuretic is contraindicated in severe renal failure?
A. Mannitol
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Spironolactone
D. Amiloride
Answer: B. Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Thiazides are ineffective in severe renal
impairment.
5. What is the primary action of mannitol?
A. Decreases potassium excretion
B. Increases osmotic pressure in renal tubules
,C. Blocks sodium reabsorption
D. Inhibits aldosterone
Answer: B. Increases osmotic pressure in renal tubules
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls water
into urine.
6. Which lab value indicates spironolactone toxicity risk?
A. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L
B. Sodium 145 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.0 mg/dL
D. Chloride 100 mEq/L
Answer: A. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a serious risk with potassium-
sparing diuretics.
7. Which instruction is appropriate for a client taking
furosemide?
A. Increase potassium intake
B. Avoid sodium restriction
C. Take at bedtime
D. Limit fluid intake
Answer: A. Increase potassium intake
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium loss.
8. Which medication is used to treat hyponatremia?
, A. Hypertonic saline
B. Furosemide
C. Spironolactone
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer: A. Hypertonic saline
Rationale: Hypertonic saline increases serum sodium levels.
9. A client on ACE inhibitors develops a dry cough. What is
the best action?
A. Discontinue medication and notify provider
B. Continue medication
C. Increase dose
D. Add diuretic
Answer: A. Discontinue medication and notify provider
Rationale: Persistent dry cough is a common ACE inhibitor
adverse effect.
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is caused by loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion.
11. Which drug blocks angiotensin II receptors?
Electrolyte Medications Latest
Practice Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. A client is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte
should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Phosphate
D. Sodium
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes
potassium loss, increasing risk for hypokalemia.
2. Which medication is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Mannitol
C. Spironolactone
D. Furosemide
,Answer: C. Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone conserves potassium by blocking
aldosterone.
3. A client taking lisinopril should be monitored for which
adverse effect?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors decrease aldosterone, causing
potassium retention.
4. Which diuretic is contraindicated in severe renal failure?
A. Mannitol
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Spironolactone
D. Amiloride
Answer: B. Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Thiazides are ineffective in severe renal
impairment.
5. What is the primary action of mannitol?
A. Decreases potassium excretion
B. Increases osmotic pressure in renal tubules
,C. Blocks sodium reabsorption
D. Inhibits aldosterone
Answer: B. Increases osmotic pressure in renal tubules
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls water
into urine.
6. Which lab value indicates spironolactone toxicity risk?
A. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L
B. Sodium 145 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.0 mg/dL
D. Chloride 100 mEq/L
Answer: A. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a serious risk with potassium-
sparing diuretics.
7. Which instruction is appropriate for a client taking
furosemide?
A. Increase potassium intake
B. Avoid sodium restriction
C. Take at bedtime
D. Limit fluid intake
Answer: A. Increase potassium intake
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium loss.
8. Which medication is used to treat hyponatremia?
, A. Hypertonic saline
B. Furosemide
C. Spironolactone
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Answer: A. Hypertonic saline
Rationale: Hypertonic saline increases serum sodium levels.
9. A client on ACE inhibitors develops a dry cough. What is
the best action?
A. Discontinue medication and notify provider
B. Continue medication
C. Increase dose
D. Add diuretic
Answer: A. Discontinue medication and notify provider
Rationale: Persistent dry cough is a common ACE inhibitor
adverse effect.
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is caused by loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion.
11. Which drug blocks angiotensin II receptors?
