RNC-NIC Exam COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS MERGED WITH
CORRECT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ || 2026-2027
LATEST UPDATE!!!
Amniocentesis - ANSWER-needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
- screens for chromosomal abnormalities
- typically performed early in 2nd trimester (15-20 wks), more
accurate >20 wks d/t chromosomal presence in fluid
- **also can be used later in pregnancy to assess fetal lung maturity**
- often recommended for AMA
thrombocytopenia (maternal) - ANSWER-- a generally benign maternal
medical complication that is due to hemodilution (increased RBCs)
,- may be associated with hypertensive conditions r/t pregnancy
- may be associated with s/s of bleeding in the infant
risks of maternal thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-can result in:
- increased risk of bleeding in the mother, especially during the
delivery
- **bleeding in the infant (oozing from umbilical cord, prolonged
bleeding from heel sticks, bruising, **petechiae
neonatal petechiae - ANSWER-- must consider
hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice (breakdown of RBCs)
- also associated with maternal thrombocytopenia
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWER-- **most common intrauterine
infection**
- transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids
- majority of infants asymptomatic at birth, but 5-15% have later
sequelae (most commonly hearing and vision loss)
contraindication for breastfeeding - ANSWER-- maternal HIV/AIDS
infection
- **HIV/AIDS can be spread through breastfeeding**
signs of HIV in newborn - ANSWER-- poor weight gain
- **repeated fungal mouth infections** (thrush)
- enlarged lymph nodes
- enlarged liver/spleen
,- neurologic problems
- multiple bacterial infections, including pneumonia
chlamydia - ANSWER-- **most common bacterial sexually transmitted
infection**
- *treatment: erythromycin*
signs/symptoms of neonatal chlamydia - ANSWER-- conjunctivitis in
first few weeks
- late-onset: pneumonia at 3-4 months
- otitis media
- gastroenteritis
oligohydramnios - ANSWER-- AF volume <1 L at 36 weeks, <800 mL at
term
- can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia d/t amniotic fluid's role in fetal
pulmonary development
- **may be related to Potter sequence/renal agenesis** because AF is
largely made up of fetal urine (no urine if the baby has no kidneys)
- **can lead to hypoplastic lungs**
- can also lead to IUGR and positional deformities (baby can't move
well)
Potter sequence (renal agenesis) - ANSWER-- **Renal agenesis ->
oligohydramnios -> severe pulmonary hypoplasia**
- association of defects beginning w/ bilateral renal agenesis d/t
failure of the ureteric bud to divide
, - urine formation does not occur --> low or absent amniotic fluid
volumes
- fetal structures are compressed
- associated defects: abnormal genital dev., leg deformities, GI defects,
arthrohyposis, pulmonary hypoplasia
- *most infants will die within the first several days; often d/t
associated lung hypoplasia*
hydramnios or polyhydramnios - ANSWER-- AF volume >2L
- **may be due to GI obstructions (e.g. esophageal atresia, duodenal
to anal atresia) d/t the baby being unable to swallow amniotic fluid,
so the AF keeps building up in utero **
- also, can be d/t tight nuchal cord or neurologic defects which may
also obstruct or impair fetal swallowing
PROM - ANSWER-- premature rupture of membranes, before the
onset of labor
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
- **after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
significantly**
PPROM - ANSWER-- preterm premature rupture of membranes, PROM
occurring before 37 weeks
- does not necessarily lead to the onset of labor if it occurs too early,
but after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
QUESTIONS MERGED WITH
CORRECT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ || 2026-2027
LATEST UPDATE!!!
Amniocentesis - ANSWER-needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
- screens for chromosomal abnormalities
- typically performed early in 2nd trimester (15-20 wks), more
accurate >20 wks d/t chromosomal presence in fluid
- **also can be used later in pregnancy to assess fetal lung maturity**
- often recommended for AMA
thrombocytopenia (maternal) - ANSWER-- a generally benign maternal
medical complication that is due to hemodilution (increased RBCs)
,- may be associated with hypertensive conditions r/t pregnancy
- may be associated with s/s of bleeding in the infant
risks of maternal thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-can result in:
- increased risk of bleeding in the mother, especially during the
delivery
- **bleeding in the infant (oozing from umbilical cord, prolonged
bleeding from heel sticks, bruising, **petechiae
neonatal petechiae - ANSWER-- must consider
hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice (breakdown of RBCs)
- also associated with maternal thrombocytopenia
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWER-- **most common intrauterine
infection**
- transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids
- majority of infants asymptomatic at birth, but 5-15% have later
sequelae (most commonly hearing and vision loss)
contraindication for breastfeeding - ANSWER-- maternal HIV/AIDS
infection
- **HIV/AIDS can be spread through breastfeeding**
signs of HIV in newborn - ANSWER-- poor weight gain
- **repeated fungal mouth infections** (thrush)
- enlarged lymph nodes
- enlarged liver/spleen
,- neurologic problems
- multiple bacterial infections, including pneumonia
chlamydia - ANSWER-- **most common bacterial sexually transmitted
infection**
- *treatment: erythromycin*
signs/symptoms of neonatal chlamydia - ANSWER-- conjunctivitis in
first few weeks
- late-onset: pneumonia at 3-4 months
- otitis media
- gastroenteritis
oligohydramnios - ANSWER-- AF volume <1 L at 36 weeks, <800 mL at
term
- can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia d/t amniotic fluid's role in fetal
pulmonary development
- **may be related to Potter sequence/renal agenesis** because AF is
largely made up of fetal urine (no urine if the baby has no kidneys)
- **can lead to hypoplastic lungs**
- can also lead to IUGR and positional deformities (baby can't move
well)
Potter sequence (renal agenesis) - ANSWER-- **Renal agenesis ->
oligohydramnios -> severe pulmonary hypoplasia**
- association of defects beginning w/ bilateral renal agenesis d/t
failure of the ureteric bud to divide
, - urine formation does not occur --> low or absent amniotic fluid
volumes
- fetal structures are compressed
- associated defects: abnormal genital dev., leg deformities, GI defects,
arthrohyposis, pulmonary hypoplasia
- *most infants will die within the first several days; often d/t
associated lung hypoplasia*
hydramnios or polyhydramnios - ANSWER-- AF volume >2L
- **may be due to GI obstructions (e.g. esophageal atresia, duodenal
to anal atresia) d/t the baby being unable to swallow amniotic fluid,
so the AF keeps building up in utero **
- also, can be d/t tight nuchal cord or neurologic defects which may
also obstruct or impair fetal swallowing
PROM - ANSWER-- premature rupture of membranes, before the
onset of labor
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
- **after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
significantly**
PPROM - ANSWER-- preterm premature rupture of membranes, PROM
occurring before 37 weeks
- does not necessarily lead to the onset of labor if it occurs too early,
but after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
