TEST BANK FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
A MODERN APPROACH, 4TH EDITION
Authors: Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig
Total Questions: 150
Format: Multiple Choice (Verified Answers with Rationales)
Coverage: Chapters 1–28 (All Major Parts)
Target Audience: Undergraduate/Graduate AI students, Exam Prep
US University Source: UC Berkeley, Stanford, MIT, Carnegie Mellon
Subject for Docsity: Artificial Intelligence
Course Code: CS 188, CS 221, 6.034, 15-381
Exam Version: 2025/2026 (Latest Update)
PART I: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – INTRODUCTION & AGENTS
TOPIC 1: WHAT IS AI? (Chapter 1)
Q1. Which of the following best defines Artificial Intelligence according to the
"acting humanly" approach?
A) The study of systems that think rationally
B) The automation of activities that we associate with human thinking
C) The study of mental faculties through computational models
D) The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence
when performed by people
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The "acting humanly" approach, exemplified by the Turing Test,
focuses on machines that perform intelligent functions. Answer B describes
"thinking humanly" (cognitive modeling), while C describes the "thinking
rationally" approach.
Q2. The four main approaches to AI, as defined by Russell & Norvig, are based on:
A) Human vs. ideal performance and thinking vs. acting
B) Symbolic vs. sub-symbolic and logical vs. probabilistic
C) Supervised vs. unsupervised and reinforcement vs. supervised
D) Rule-based vs. learning-based and reactive vs. deliberative
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: Russell & Norvig organize AI along two dimensions: human vs.
rational (ideal) performance, and thinking vs. acting. This yields four
approaches: thinking humanly, acting humanly, thinking rationally,
and acting rationally.
Q3. The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is designed to test:
A) Whether a machine can think rationally
B) Whether a machine can solve complex mathematical problems
C) Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from
a human
D) Whether a machine can learn from experience
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Turing Test assesses whether a machine can fool a human
interrogator into believing it is human through natural language
conversation. It tests "acting humanly".
Q4. Which of the following is a significant objection to the Turing Test as a
valid measure of intelligence?
A) It requires too much computational power
B) It focuses on external behavior rather than internal cognitive processes
C) It cannot be administered in a controlled environment
D) It requires the machine to be physically embodied
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Major objections to the Turing Test include that it tests human
behavior rather than intelligence per se, and that it focuses on deception
rather than genuine understanding or reasoning.
Q5. The "rational agent" approach to AI defines rationality as:
A) The ability to think logically and derive valid conclusions
B) The ability to mimic human cognitive processes
C) The ability to do the "right thing" given what the agent knows
D) The ability to pass the Turing Test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A rational agent is one that acts to achieve the best outcome or
the best expected outcome given its percepts and prior knowledge.
TOPIC 2: INTELLIGENT AGENTS (Chapter 2)
Q6. An agent is best defined as:
A) A computer program that can learn from data
,B) An entity that perceives its environment through sensors and acts upon
it through actuators
C) A system that can solve any problem using logical reasoning
D) A machine that can communicate in natural language
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its
environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through
actuators.
Q7. A rational agent should select actions that:
A) Maximize its expected performance measure given its percept sequence
and built-in knowledge
B) Mimic human behavior in all situations
C) Follow a fixed set of rules regardless of the environment
D) Minimize computational cost
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationality requires maximizing expected performance based on
the agent's percept sequence, built-in knowledge, and available actions.
Q8. The PEAS framework for describing task environments includes:
A) Perception, Execution, Adaptation, Success
B) Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
C) Planning, Execution, Assessment, Strategy
D) Problem, Environment, Agent, Solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PEAS stands for Performance measure, Environment, Actuators,
and Sensors – the four components used to specify a task environment.
Q9. Which of the following is NOT a property of task environments as
classified in AIMA?
A) Fully observable vs. partially observable
B) Deterministic vs. stochastic
C) Episodic vs. sequential
D) Simple vs. complex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The key environment properties are: fully/partially observable,
deterministic/stochastic, episodic/sequential, static/dynamic,
discrete/continuous, and single-agent/multi-agent. "Simple vs. complex"
is not one of the standard classifications.
, Q10. A chess-playing program operating in a real-time tournament is an example
of which type of environment?
A) Fully observable, deterministic, episodic, single-agent
B) Partially observable, stochastic, sequential, multi-agent
C) Fully observable, deterministic, sequential, multi-agent
D) Partially observable, stochastic, episodic, single-agent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chess is fully observable (all pieces visible), deterministic
(no randomness in moves), sequential (moves build on each other), and
multi-agent (two players compete).
Q11. An agent that maintains an internal state to track aspects of the
environment not currently perceived is called:
A) A simple reflex agent
B) A model-based agent
C) A goal-based agent
D) A utility-based agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Model-based agents maintain an internal state that represents
the current state of the world, allowing them to handle partial
observability.
Q12. A utility-based agent differs from a goal-based agent in that:
A) It uses a model of the environment
B) It selects actions based on a utility function that measures happiness
C) It uses logical inference to determine actions
D) It does not maintain an internal state
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While goal-based agents distinguish between goal states and
non-goal states, utility-based agents use a utility function to rank
different states, allowing them to handle trade-offs and preferences.
PART II: PROBLEM-SOLVING
TOPIC 3: SOLVING PROBLEMS BY SEARCHING (Chapter 3)
Q13. A search problem is formally defined by:
A MODERN APPROACH, 4TH EDITION
Authors: Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig
Total Questions: 150
Format: Multiple Choice (Verified Answers with Rationales)
Coverage: Chapters 1–28 (All Major Parts)
Target Audience: Undergraduate/Graduate AI students, Exam Prep
US University Source: UC Berkeley, Stanford, MIT, Carnegie Mellon
Subject for Docsity: Artificial Intelligence
Course Code: CS 188, CS 221, 6.034, 15-381
Exam Version: 2025/2026 (Latest Update)
PART I: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – INTRODUCTION & AGENTS
TOPIC 1: WHAT IS AI? (Chapter 1)
Q1. Which of the following best defines Artificial Intelligence according to the
"acting humanly" approach?
A) The study of systems that think rationally
B) The automation of activities that we associate with human thinking
C) The study of mental faculties through computational models
D) The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence
when performed by people
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The "acting humanly" approach, exemplified by the Turing Test,
focuses on machines that perform intelligent functions. Answer B describes
"thinking humanly" (cognitive modeling), while C describes the "thinking
rationally" approach.
Q2. The four main approaches to AI, as defined by Russell & Norvig, are based on:
A) Human vs. ideal performance and thinking vs. acting
B) Symbolic vs. sub-symbolic and logical vs. probabilistic
C) Supervised vs. unsupervised and reinforcement vs. supervised
D) Rule-based vs. learning-based and reactive vs. deliberative
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: Russell & Norvig organize AI along two dimensions: human vs.
rational (ideal) performance, and thinking vs. acting. This yields four
approaches: thinking humanly, acting humanly, thinking rationally,
and acting rationally.
Q3. The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is designed to test:
A) Whether a machine can think rationally
B) Whether a machine can solve complex mathematical problems
C) Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from
a human
D) Whether a machine can learn from experience
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Turing Test assesses whether a machine can fool a human
interrogator into believing it is human through natural language
conversation. It tests "acting humanly".
Q4. Which of the following is a significant objection to the Turing Test as a
valid measure of intelligence?
A) It requires too much computational power
B) It focuses on external behavior rather than internal cognitive processes
C) It cannot be administered in a controlled environment
D) It requires the machine to be physically embodied
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Major objections to the Turing Test include that it tests human
behavior rather than intelligence per se, and that it focuses on deception
rather than genuine understanding or reasoning.
Q5. The "rational agent" approach to AI defines rationality as:
A) The ability to think logically and derive valid conclusions
B) The ability to mimic human cognitive processes
C) The ability to do the "right thing" given what the agent knows
D) The ability to pass the Turing Test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A rational agent is one that acts to achieve the best outcome or
the best expected outcome given its percepts and prior knowledge.
TOPIC 2: INTELLIGENT AGENTS (Chapter 2)
Q6. An agent is best defined as:
A) A computer program that can learn from data
,B) An entity that perceives its environment through sensors and acts upon
it through actuators
C) A system that can solve any problem using logical reasoning
D) A machine that can communicate in natural language
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its
environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through
actuators.
Q7. A rational agent should select actions that:
A) Maximize its expected performance measure given its percept sequence
and built-in knowledge
B) Mimic human behavior in all situations
C) Follow a fixed set of rules regardless of the environment
D) Minimize computational cost
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationality requires maximizing expected performance based on
the agent's percept sequence, built-in knowledge, and available actions.
Q8. The PEAS framework for describing task environments includes:
A) Perception, Execution, Adaptation, Success
B) Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
C) Planning, Execution, Assessment, Strategy
D) Problem, Environment, Agent, Solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PEAS stands for Performance measure, Environment, Actuators,
and Sensors – the four components used to specify a task environment.
Q9. Which of the following is NOT a property of task environments as
classified in AIMA?
A) Fully observable vs. partially observable
B) Deterministic vs. stochastic
C) Episodic vs. sequential
D) Simple vs. complex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The key environment properties are: fully/partially observable,
deterministic/stochastic, episodic/sequential, static/dynamic,
discrete/continuous, and single-agent/multi-agent. "Simple vs. complex"
is not one of the standard classifications.
, Q10. A chess-playing program operating in a real-time tournament is an example
of which type of environment?
A) Fully observable, deterministic, episodic, single-agent
B) Partially observable, stochastic, sequential, multi-agent
C) Fully observable, deterministic, sequential, multi-agent
D) Partially observable, stochastic, episodic, single-agent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chess is fully observable (all pieces visible), deterministic
(no randomness in moves), sequential (moves build on each other), and
multi-agent (two players compete).
Q11. An agent that maintains an internal state to track aspects of the
environment not currently perceived is called:
A) A simple reflex agent
B) A model-based agent
C) A goal-based agent
D) A utility-based agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Model-based agents maintain an internal state that represents
the current state of the world, allowing them to handle partial
observability.
Q12. A utility-based agent differs from a goal-based agent in that:
A) It uses a model of the environment
B) It selects actions based on a utility function that measures happiness
C) It uses logical inference to determine actions
D) It does not maintain an internal state
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While goal-based agents distinguish between goal states and
non-goal states, utility-based agents use a utility function to rank
different states, allowing them to handle trade-offs and preferences.
PART II: PROBLEM-SOLVING
TOPIC 3: SOLVING PROBLEMS BY SEARCHING (Chapter 3)
Q13. A search problem is formally defined by:
