NSG 555 Quiz 2 TEST EXAM MERGED
WITH CORRECT COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS || ALREADY GRADED A+
|| 2026-2027 LATEST UPDATE!!!
What is the definition of diabetes? - ANSWER-A group of metabolic
diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
What causes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-Autoimmune
destruction of the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas, leading to insulinogenic and lifelong dependence on
exogenous insulin.
How does the onset of Type 1 DM differ in children and adults? -
ANSWER-It is more rapid in infants and children and more gradual in
adults.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-
Insidious onset with progressive insulin resistance, often associated
with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.
, List some symptoms of Type 2 DM. - ANSWER-Abdominal obesity,
insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, low HDL
levels, hypertension, and a proinflammatory state.
What is the Ominous Octet in Type 2 DM? - ANSWER-Eight
mechanisms contributing to Type 2 diabetes, including increased
glucagon secretion, glucose reabsorption by the kidney, lipolysis,
decreased incretin effect, and neurotransmitter dysfunction.
What are the Triumvirate Three in Type 2 DM? - ANSWER-Decreased
glucose uptake (insulin resistance), increased hepatic glucose
production, and impaired insulin secretion.
What are acute symptoms of Type 1 DM? - ANSWER-Polyuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue.
What are signs of ketoacidosis in Type 1 DM? - ANSWER-Glycosuria,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid shallow breathing,
hypotension, and dehydration.
What initial symptoms may Type 2 DM patients experience? -
ANSWER-Often none initially, but may later experience polyuria,
polydipsia, blurred vision, fatigue, slowly healing wounds, and
frequent infections.
What is the diagnostic criterion for diabetes based on HbA1C? -
ANSWER-HbA1C ≥ 6.5%.
What fasting plasma glucose level indicates diabetes? - ANSWER-A
fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL.
WITH CORRECT COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS || ALREADY GRADED A+
|| 2026-2027 LATEST UPDATE!!!
What is the definition of diabetes? - ANSWER-A group of metabolic
diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
What causes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-Autoimmune
destruction of the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas, leading to insulinogenic and lifelong dependence on
exogenous insulin.
How does the onset of Type 1 DM differ in children and adults? -
ANSWER-It is more rapid in infants and children and more gradual in
adults.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-
Insidious onset with progressive insulin resistance, often associated
with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.
, List some symptoms of Type 2 DM. - ANSWER-Abdominal obesity,
insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, low HDL
levels, hypertension, and a proinflammatory state.
What is the Ominous Octet in Type 2 DM? - ANSWER-Eight
mechanisms contributing to Type 2 diabetes, including increased
glucagon secretion, glucose reabsorption by the kidney, lipolysis,
decreased incretin effect, and neurotransmitter dysfunction.
What are the Triumvirate Three in Type 2 DM? - ANSWER-Decreased
glucose uptake (insulin resistance), increased hepatic glucose
production, and impaired insulin secretion.
What are acute symptoms of Type 1 DM? - ANSWER-Polyuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue.
What are signs of ketoacidosis in Type 1 DM? - ANSWER-Glycosuria,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid shallow breathing,
hypotension, and dehydration.
What initial symptoms may Type 2 DM patients experience? -
ANSWER-Often none initially, but may later experience polyuria,
polydipsia, blurred vision, fatigue, slowly healing wounds, and
frequent infections.
What is the diagnostic criterion for diabetes based on HbA1C? -
ANSWER-HbA1C ≥ 6.5%.
What fasting plasma glucose level indicates diabetes? - ANSWER-A
fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL.
