Appendicular Skeleton Post-Lab Activity
2026/2027 Comprehensive Review & Assessment
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
School of Medicine – Department of Cell Biology
BIOL 3010 – Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Appendicular Skeleton – Post-Lab Activity
Professor: Dr. Elizabeth H. Morrison
Semester: Fall 2026 / Spring 2027
Lab Manual Reference: Anatomy and Physiology I OER Lab Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Lab Checkout & Overview ……………………………………………………………… 3
2. Activity 1: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton ……………………………………… 4
3. Activity 2: Bone Markings of the Upper Limb …………………………………………… 6
4. Activity 3: Bone Markings of the Lower Limb …………………………………………… 8
5. Activity 4: Putting It All Together (Review Questions) ……………………………… 10
6. Clinical Case Study: "Hips of Steel" ………………………………………………… 12
7. Post-Lab Quiz …………………………………………………………………………… 13
8. Complete Answer Key with Rationales ………………………………………………… 15
9. Key Concepts & Study Keywords ………………………………………………………… 19
,1. LAB CHECKOUT & OVERVIEW
Lab Checkout Checklist
When you finish the lab, please clean up your lab space and put away your materials neatly in
the tray. Once you have thoroughly cleaned, washed, and dried your lab table, please get your
instructor's initials to check out of lab.
| Checkout Item | Completed |
||--|
| Lab bench clean, washed, and dried | □ |
| Materials put away properly and organized in trays | □ |
| Microscope properly put away | □ |
| Lab completed (% completed = ______ %) | □ |
| Instructor initials: ______________ | □ |
Learning Objectives
After completing this post-lab activity, you should be able to:
- Identify all bones of the appendicular skeleton (126 bones total)
- Label bone markings and landmarks on the upper and lower limbs
- Differentiate between right and left bones (scapula, humerus, femur, tibia)
- Describe how bones articulate with one another
- Apply anatomical knowledge to clinical scenarios
The Appendicular Skeleton: An Overview
The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 of the 206 bones in the human skeleton.It is divided
into four main regions :
| Region | Number of Bones | Key Components |
|--|--|-|
| Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle | 4 | Clavicles (2), Scapulae (2) |
| Upper Limbs | 60 | Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges |
| Pelvic (Hip) Girdle | 2 | Os Coxae (2) |
| Lower Limbs | 60 | Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges |
The appendicular skeleton connects the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton via the
shoulder and pelvic girdles.Its primary functions are movement, support, and providing
attachment sites for muscles.
, 2. ACTIVITY 1: BONES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Part A: Upper Limb Bones
Instructions: Label the bones of the upper limb in the spaces provided. Give specific bone
names (e.g., metatarsal I or distal phalanx II).
Upper Limb Overview
[Refer to your lab skeleton or anatomical model]
1. Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle):
- The pectoral girdle consists of the _______________ and _______________.
- The clavicle articulates with the _______________ of the sternum and the _______________
process of the scapula.
2. Arm (Brachium) – Humerus:
- The arm consists of the _______________.
- The humerus articulates proximally with the _______________ and distally with the
_______________ and _______________.
3. Forearm (Antebrachium):
- The medial bone of the forearm is the _______________.
- The lateral bone of the forearm is the _______________.
4. Hand (Manus):
- The wrist consists of _______________ bones called carpals.
- The palm consists of _______________ bones called metacarpals.
- The fingers consist of _______________ bones called phalanges.
Part B: Lower Limb Bones
Instructions: Label the bones of the lower limb in the spaces provided.
1. Pelvic Girdle (Hip Girdle):
- The pelvic girdle consists of two _______________ bones (os coxae).
- Each os coxae is formed from three fused bones: _______________, _______________, and
_______________.
2. Thigh – Femur:
- The longest bone in the lower body is the _______________.
2026/2027 Comprehensive Review & Assessment
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
School of Medicine – Department of Cell Biology
BIOL 3010 – Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Appendicular Skeleton – Post-Lab Activity
Professor: Dr. Elizabeth H. Morrison
Semester: Fall 2026 / Spring 2027
Lab Manual Reference: Anatomy and Physiology I OER Lab Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Lab Checkout & Overview ……………………………………………………………… 3
2. Activity 1: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton ……………………………………… 4
3. Activity 2: Bone Markings of the Upper Limb …………………………………………… 6
4. Activity 3: Bone Markings of the Lower Limb …………………………………………… 8
5. Activity 4: Putting It All Together (Review Questions) ……………………………… 10
6. Clinical Case Study: "Hips of Steel" ………………………………………………… 12
7. Post-Lab Quiz …………………………………………………………………………… 13
8. Complete Answer Key with Rationales ………………………………………………… 15
9. Key Concepts & Study Keywords ………………………………………………………… 19
,1. LAB CHECKOUT & OVERVIEW
Lab Checkout Checklist
When you finish the lab, please clean up your lab space and put away your materials neatly in
the tray. Once you have thoroughly cleaned, washed, and dried your lab table, please get your
instructor's initials to check out of lab.
| Checkout Item | Completed |
||--|
| Lab bench clean, washed, and dried | □ |
| Materials put away properly and organized in trays | □ |
| Microscope properly put away | □ |
| Lab completed (% completed = ______ %) | □ |
| Instructor initials: ______________ | □ |
Learning Objectives
After completing this post-lab activity, you should be able to:
- Identify all bones of the appendicular skeleton (126 bones total)
- Label bone markings and landmarks on the upper and lower limbs
- Differentiate between right and left bones (scapula, humerus, femur, tibia)
- Describe how bones articulate with one another
- Apply anatomical knowledge to clinical scenarios
The Appendicular Skeleton: An Overview
The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 of the 206 bones in the human skeleton.It is divided
into four main regions :
| Region | Number of Bones | Key Components |
|--|--|-|
| Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle | 4 | Clavicles (2), Scapulae (2) |
| Upper Limbs | 60 | Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges |
| Pelvic (Hip) Girdle | 2 | Os Coxae (2) |
| Lower Limbs | 60 | Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges |
The appendicular skeleton connects the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton via the
shoulder and pelvic girdles.Its primary functions are movement, support, and providing
attachment sites for muscles.
, 2. ACTIVITY 1: BONES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Part A: Upper Limb Bones
Instructions: Label the bones of the upper limb in the spaces provided. Give specific bone
names (e.g., metatarsal I or distal phalanx II).
Upper Limb Overview
[Refer to your lab skeleton or anatomical model]
1. Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle):
- The pectoral girdle consists of the _______________ and _______________.
- The clavicle articulates with the _______________ of the sternum and the _______________
process of the scapula.
2. Arm (Brachium) – Humerus:
- The arm consists of the _______________.
- The humerus articulates proximally with the _______________ and distally with the
_______________ and _______________.
3. Forearm (Antebrachium):
- The medial bone of the forearm is the _______________.
- The lateral bone of the forearm is the _______________.
4. Hand (Manus):
- The wrist consists of _______________ bones called carpals.
- The palm consists of _______________ bones called metacarpals.
- The fingers consist of _______________ bones called phalanges.
Part B: Lower Limb Bones
Instructions: Label the bones of the lower limb in the spaces provided.
1. Pelvic Girdle (Hip Girdle):
- The pelvic girdle consists of two _______________ bones (os coxae).
- Each os coxae is formed from three fused bones: _______________, _______________, and
_______________.
2. Thigh – Femur:
- The longest bone in the lower body is the _______________.
