Biology 1407: Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
(fossil gene) pseudogene Correct Answers - a copy of a gene
that does not transcribe, vs
- ex: hemoglobin gene in icefish
- when a trait disappears, gene does not vanish from genome but
some mutation renders it inactive
adaption can lead to speciation Correct Answers - natural
selection plays role in speciation process
- population species adapt to different circumstances and
accumulate differences that lead to reproductive isolation
adaptive radiations Correct Answers - the evolution of several
divergent forms from a primitive and unspecialized ancestor
- occur in environment with few species and many resources
- can result when a new trait called key innovation happens
Alfred Wallace Correct Answers helped develop theory of
natural selection with Charles Darwin
allele frequency Correct Answers a measure of the occurrence
of an allele in a population, expressed as proportion of the entire
population
P+Q=1
,always find Q first
allopatric speciation Correct Answers - the differentiation of
geographically isolated populations into distinct species
- species from allopatric populations prefer the allopatric
characteristics
allopolyploidy Correct Answers two species hybridize,
resulting offspring having one copy of chromosomes from each
species and is usually infertile
chromosomes do not pair correctly during meiosis
analogous structures Correct Answers structures that have
different evolutionary backgrounds but serve the same purpose
and function
anatomical evidence for evolution Correct Answers -
homologous structures suggest common derivation: can see how
bones and forelimbs have been modified in different ways for
different mammals
- early embryonic development shows similarities in some
groups: often similar early on, but become more different as
they develop
ancestral vs derived characters Correct Answers - presence of
hair is a shared derived feature of mammals
, - presence of lungs in mammals is an ancestral feature because it
is also present in amphibians and reptiles and therefore
presumably evolved prior to common ancestor of mammals
artificial selection Correct Answers changes in the genetic
structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans,
many domestic animal breeds and crop varieties have been
produced through artificial selection
ex: dog breeds
assortative mating Correct Answers - type of nonrandom
mating in which phenotypically similar individuals mate more
frequently
- causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly
from those predicted by hardy-weinberg principal
- does not change the frequency of the individual alleles but
increases the proportion of homozygous individuals
autopolyploidy Correct Answers all of the chromosomes may
arise from a single species
- ex: might happen due to an error in cell division that causes
doubling of chromosomes, individuals termed as tetraploids,
cause they have four sets (cannot produce fertile offspring)
behavioral isolation Correct Answers species differ in mating
rituals
(fossil gene) pseudogene Correct Answers - a copy of a gene
that does not transcribe, vs
- ex: hemoglobin gene in icefish
- when a trait disappears, gene does not vanish from genome but
some mutation renders it inactive
adaption can lead to speciation Correct Answers - natural
selection plays role in speciation process
- population species adapt to different circumstances and
accumulate differences that lead to reproductive isolation
adaptive radiations Correct Answers - the evolution of several
divergent forms from a primitive and unspecialized ancestor
- occur in environment with few species and many resources
- can result when a new trait called key innovation happens
Alfred Wallace Correct Answers helped develop theory of
natural selection with Charles Darwin
allele frequency Correct Answers a measure of the occurrence
of an allele in a population, expressed as proportion of the entire
population
P+Q=1
,always find Q first
allopatric speciation Correct Answers - the differentiation of
geographically isolated populations into distinct species
- species from allopatric populations prefer the allopatric
characteristics
allopolyploidy Correct Answers two species hybridize,
resulting offspring having one copy of chromosomes from each
species and is usually infertile
chromosomes do not pair correctly during meiosis
analogous structures Correct Answers structures that have
different evolutionary backgrounds but serve the same purpose
and function
anatomical evidence for evolution Correct Answers -
homologous structures suggest common derivation: can see how
bones and forelimbs have been modified in different ways for
different mammals
- early embryonic development shows similarities in some
groups: often similar early on, but become more different as
they develop
ancestral vs derived characters Correct Answers - presence of
hair is a shared derived feature of mammals
, - presence of lungs in mammals is an ancestral feature because it
is also present in amphibians and reptiles and therefore
presumably evolved prior to common ancestor of mammals
artificial selection Correct Answers changes in the genetic
structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans,
many domestic animal breeds and crop varieties have been
produced through artificial selection
ex: dog breeds
assortative mating Correct Answers - type of nonrandom
mating in which phenotypically similar individuals mate more
frequently
- causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly
from those predicted by hardy-weinberg principal
- does not change the frequency of the individual alleles but
increases the proportion of homozygous individuals
autopolyploidy Correct Answers all of the chromosomes may
arise from a single species
- ex: might happen due to an error in cell division that causes
doubling of chromosomes, individuals termed as tetraploids,
cause they have four sets (cannot produce fertile offspring)
behavioral isolation Correct Answers species differ in mating
rituals
