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NORMAL AND ABNORMAL URINE CONSTITUENTS |MEDSERG EXAM 2 | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!

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NORMAL AND ABNORMAL URINE CONSTITUENTS |MEDSERG EXAM 2 | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!

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URINARY SYSTEM

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URINARY SYSTEM

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NORMAL AND ABNORMAL URINE CONSTITUENTS
|MEDSERG EXAM 2 | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS
HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!

Normal urine constituents Answer: Water, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride,

uric acid, ammonia.

Abnormal urine constituents Answer: Glucose, protein, ketones, blood cells, hemoglobin,

nitrites, bilirubin.

Glycosuria Answer: Glucose in the urine. Condition: Diabetes mellitus.

Proteinuria Answer: Protein in the urine. Condition: Chronic kidney disease.

Ketonuria Answer: Ketones in the urine. Condition: Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Hematuria Answer: Blood in the urine. Condition: Kidney stones.

Hemoglobinuria Answer: Hemoglobin in the urine. Condition: Hemolytic anemia.

Nitrituria Answer: Nitrites in the urine. Condition: Urinary tract infection (UTI).

Bilirubinuria Answer: Bilirubin in the urine. Condition: Liver disease (e.g., hepatitis).

Pyuria Answer: White blood cells in the urine. Condition: UTI.

Normal urine pH range Answer: 4.5-8.0 (average ~6.0).

Renal calculi Answer: Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys.

Kidney stones composition Answer: Calcium, oxalates, uric acid, or cystine.

Dilute urine production Answer: Reduced ADH secretion → Less water reabsorption in

collecting ducts → More hypotonic urine.

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normal and abnormal urine constituents

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