Updated/Latest Pathophysiology 6th Edition by Jacquelyn L Banasik 2025–2026 Comprehensive Test Bank with Complete Rationalized Answers Covering Chapters 1 Through 54 for Advanced Pathophysiology Examination Preparation Nursing and Healthcare Student Succe

TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 6TH
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EDITION BY PATRICKS. CHAPTER
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1-54COMPLETEGUIDE
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TEST BANK WITH RATIONALE ANSWERS
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[Author name]
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YFT 5/1/23 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

,Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L




1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic
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examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules.
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He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
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been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
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a. a sore throat. YFT L YFT L



b. streptococcal infection. YFT L



c. genetic susceptibility. YFT L



d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B Y F T L



Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the manifestation of the disease
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process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation ofthe throat
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and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease process.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 2 YFT L




2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. YFT L



b. secondary prevention. YFT L



c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: A Y F T L



Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individualsby providing
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vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary preventionincludes
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rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment
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involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 9 YFT L




3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. YFT L



b. secondary prevention. YFT L



c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: B Y F T L



Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as prescribing diet and exercise for an
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individual who has already developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility orreducing
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exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
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disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Y F T L Pgs. 9-10 YFTL




4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. YFT L



b. secondary prevention. YFT L



c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: B Y F T L



Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for
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high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
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individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
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effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Y F T L Pgs. 9-10 YFTL




5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. YFT L



b. secondary prevention. YFT L



c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: C Y F T L



Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning
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such as prescribing a cholesterol lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
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altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
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management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Y F T L Pgs. 9-10 YFTL




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, 6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness
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a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B Y F T L



Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms.
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In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first
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signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and
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nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting
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from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 3 L
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7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B Y F T L



A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to many individuals at the
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same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 6 L
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8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. YFT L YFT L



d. is unknown. Y FT L




ANS: B Y F T L



In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 5 L
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as
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a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B Y F T L



The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is called the
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subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms
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may be called a latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers
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to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after
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a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 3 L
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MULTIPLE RESPONSE YFT L




10. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that apply.)
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a. gender difference. L
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b. situational factors. L
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c. normal variation. YFT L



d. cultural variation. YFT L



e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E Y F T L YFTL YFT L YFT L



Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how
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manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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REF: Y F T L Pgs. 5-6 YFT L




11. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development due to (Select all that apply.) YFT L YFT L L
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a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. YFT L



c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E Y F T L YFT L YFT L L
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Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (occupational) and overcrowding, Y FT L YFT L Y FT L Y FT L YFT L YFT L L
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nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.
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REF: Y F T L Pgs. 7-8 YFT L




2

, COMPLETION

12. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be
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ANS:
idiopathic
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 2 L
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13. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this
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YFT differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability
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YFT is termed
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.

ANS:
sensitivity
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the condition and
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will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a
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person who does not have a given condition.
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REF: Y F T L Pg. 5 L
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