Intro to Oceanography Exam 3
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Bonding - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The chemical attraction that holds atoms together in
molecules or compounds.
Water molecule - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A molecule made of two hydrogen atoms and one
oxygen atom; also called H₂O or dihydrogen oxide.
Dihydrogen oxide - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The chemical name for water, meaning two
hydrogens bonded to one oxygen.
Dipole molecule - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A molecule with slightly positive and slightly
negative ends because electrons are shared unevenly.
Dipole moment - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The separation of electrical charge in a molecule,
creating positive and negative poles.
Salt - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅An ionic compound that forms when acids and bases react; in
seawater, salts separate into ions.
Hydrogen bond - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A weak attraction between the slightly positive
hydrogen of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of another.
Acid - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A substance that releases hydrogen ions, H⁺, into solution.
Hydrogen ion - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A positively charged hydrogen atom, H⁺, released by
acids.
, Base - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxyl
ions, OH⁻, into solution.
Hydroxyl ion - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A negatively charged ion, OH⁻, associated with
bases.
Condensation - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The change of water vapor into liquid water.
Evaporation - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The change of liquid water into water vapor.
Unstructured water - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Water molecules arranged randomly, usually in
liquid water.
Structured water - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Water molecules arranged in a more organized
pattern, especially in ice.
Hexagon - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The six-sided crystal pattern formed by water molecules
in ice because of hydrogen bonding.
Heat - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Energy transferred from one object or substance to another
because of temperature differences.
Sensible heat - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Heat that causes a measurable temperature change.
Latent heat - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅Heat absorbed or released during a phase change
without changing temperature.
Temperature - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅A measure of the average kinetic energy of
molecules.
Thermometer - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅An instrument used to measure temperature.
Calorie - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water by
1°C.
Latent heat of freezing/melting - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The heat released during freezing
or absorbed during melting.
Latent heat of vaporization - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The heat needed to change liquid water
into water vapor.
Latent heat of condensation - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅The heat released when water vapor
changes into liquid water.