Updated/Latest Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris 2025–2026 Comprehensive Test Bank Questions and Answers Covering All Chapters for Pathophysiology Examination Preparation Nursing Medical and Health Sciences Student Succe

TEST BANK
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Test Bank for Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
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5th edition
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TEST BANK YFT L

, Tommie L. Norris: Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L




Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function L
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1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL L
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bilayer, most ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteins L
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B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains L
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C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors YFT L YFTL L
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D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A YFT L




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The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid
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bilayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface YFT L Y FT L YF T L YF T L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YF T L L
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antigens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the
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membrane potential changes significantly.
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1. Which describes the function of the nucleus? YFT L YFTL L
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A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B YFT L




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The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
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controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds
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into cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen
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and carbon combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is
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released.
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2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
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Med C YF T L

, RNA (rRNA)? YF
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A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis L
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL YFT L YFT L L
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C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs L
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D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis L
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Ans: C YFT L




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There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA)
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that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
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cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
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transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
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synthesized.
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3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and
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worn-out cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end products YFT L L
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and package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins that
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remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as aYFT L YFT L YFT L L
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tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell
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to another
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Ans: A YFT L




Feedback:

Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and
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removal of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in
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association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation for
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secretion, whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the
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synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting various
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substances from one part of the cell to another.
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4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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Med C YF T L

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