Brain & Behavior Exam Review Questions &
Answers Graded A+
Somatic nervous system - Answer Part of PNS; associated with voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system - Answer Part of PNS; associated with involuntary movements that may
regulate body processes such as breathing; sympathetic (fight or flight) & parasympathetic (calming,
relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and parasympathetic near spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - Answer nerves and sensory organs beyond brain & spinal cord
Central nervous system - Answer brain & spinal cord
Basal Ganglia - Answer group of neurons; involved in control of movement; subcortical in forebrain
below corpus callosum; injured in those with Parkinsons
Nucleus - Answer center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and nucleolus
Dura mater - Answer closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
Arachnoid membrane - Answer middle layer, web-like and spongy
Pia mater - Answer innermost layer, closely attached to brain and spinal cord; contains smaller surface
blood vessels of brain and spinal cord
Subarachnoid space - Answer between arachnoid membrane and pia mater; filled with cerebrospinal
fluid
Cranial nerves - Answer 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or brainstem; used to bring information
directly from sensory organs (afferent) or to muscles (efferent); sensory and motor functions of the head
and neck region
, Sodium/Potassium pump - Answer used to maintain axon at resting potential; keeping Na+ out and K+ in
Glial cells - Answer support cells for neurons; include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia,
Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
Astrocytes - Answer star shaped; physical support and clean up debris inside brain via phagocytosis;
regulates chemical composition of fluid around neurons by providing nutrients from bloodstream
Oligodendrocytes - Answer produces myelin sheath
Microglia - Answer smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain; phagocytes, protect from invading
microorganisms; active only when there is brain damage and leaves behind scar tissue
Radial glia - Answer prenatal, brain development; used to guide neurons to where they will eventually
develop
Schwann cells - Answer produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate growth of neuron!! - diff than
oligodendrocyte
Induction - Answer response to growth factors that induces ectoderm to eventually form the neural
plate of which the neural tube and CNS form
Migration - Answer radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct location; layers of cortex start
forming from inside, meaning that each new neuron must past through previously developed neural
cells
Neural crest - Answer group of cells derived from neural plate crest (above the tube) that separate away
after neural tube is complete; contribute to formation of PNS & glial cells
Neural groove - Answer resulting space of between the neural folding of the plate during neuralation
Answers Graded A+
Somatic nervous system - Answer Part of PNS; associated with voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system - Answer Part of PNS; associated with involuntary movements that may
regulate body processes such as breathing; sympathetic (fight or flight) & parasympathetic (calming,
relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and parasympathetic near spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - Answer nerves and sensory organs beyond brain & spinal cord
Central nervous system - Answer brain & spinal cord
Basal Ganglia - Answer group of neurons; involved in control of movement; subcortical in forebrain
below corpus callosum; injured in those with Parkinsons
Nucleus - Answer center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and nucleolus
Dura mater - Answer closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
Arachnoid membrane - Answer middle layer, web-like and spongy
Pia mater - Answer innermost layer, closely attached to brain and spinal cord; contains smaller surface
blood vessels of brain and spinal cord
Subarachnoid space - Answer between arachnoid membrane and pia mater; filled with cerebrospinal
fluid
Cranial nerves - Answer 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or brainstem; used to bring information
directly from sensory organs (afferent) or to muscles (efferent); sensory and motor functions of the head
and neck region
, Sodium/Potassium pump - Answer used to maintain axon at resting potential; keeping Na+ out and K+ in
Glial cells - Answer support cells for neurons; include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia,
Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
Astrocytes - Answer star shaped; physical support and clean up debris inside brain via phagocytosis;
regulates chemical composition of fluid around neurons by providing nutrients from bloodstream
Oligodendrocytes - Answer produces myelin sheath
Microglia - Answer smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain; phagocytes, protect from invading
microorganisms; active only when there is brain damage and leaves behind scar tissue
Radial glia - Answer prenatal, brain development; used to guide neurons to where they will eventually
develop
Schwann cells - Answer produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate growth of neuron!! - diff than
oligodendrocyte
Induction - Answer response to growth factors that induces ectoderm to eventually form the neural
plate of which the neural tube and CNS form
Migration - Answer radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct location; layers of cortex start
forming from inside, meaning that each new neuron must past through previously developed neural
cells
Neural crest - Answer group of cells derived from neural plate crest (above the tube) that separate away
after neural tube is complete; contribute to formation of PNS & glial cells
Neural groove - Answer resulting space of between the neural folding of the plate during neuralation
