PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 .
, NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
1. A drug with a narrow therapeutic index requires: A. Less monitoring B. Frequent monitoring C.
No dose adjustment D. Increased absorption
Answer: B
Rationale: Small changes in serum concentration can cause toxicity or loss of efficacy.
2. Bioavailability refers to: A. Drug metabolism B. Amount of drug reaching systemic circulation C.
Protein binding D. Drug elimination
Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability measures the fraction of administered drug that reaches circulation.
3. Which route bypasses first-pass metabolism? A. Oral B. Rectal C. Sublingual D. Enteral
Answer: C
Rationale: Sublingual administration enters systemic circulation directly.
4. The liver primarily performs: A. Excretion B. Filtration C. Metabolism D. Absorption
Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatic enzymes transform drugs into metabolites.
5. A drug antagonist: A. Activates receptors B. Enhances response C. Blocks receptor activation D.
Increases efficacy
Answer: C
Rationale: Antagonists occupy receptors without activating them.
6. Steady-state concentration is generally achieved after: A. 1 half-life B. 2 half-lives C. 4–5
half-lives D. 10 half-lives
Answer: C
Rationale: Most drugs reach steady state after approximately 4–5 half-lives.
7. Which factor decreases renal drug clearance? A. Increased GFR B. Dehydration C. Young age
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced kidney perfusion decreases elimination.
8. Drug distribution is most affected by: A. Protein binding B. Hair color C. Vision D. Height
Answer: A
Rationale: Highly protein-bound drugs have less free drug available.
9. A loading dose is used to: A. Prevent elimination B. Reach therapeutic level rapidly C. Reduce
toxicity D. Decrease absorption
Answer: B
Rationale: A loading dose rapidly achieves therapeutic concentration.