NSG 403 Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers
What is a common cause of PACs? - ANSWER Caffeine
How would you treat a patient in V-tach with no pulse? - ANSWER Like V-fib: give
CPR, ACLS, defibrillate
What is happening during the P wave? - ANSWER Atrial depolarization
What is happening during the QRS complex? - ANSWER Ventricular
depolarization
What is happening during the T wave? - ANSWER Ventricular Repolarization
What does sinus bradycardia look like? - ANSWER P & QRS normal, regular
rhythm, slower beats <60bpm
When is sinus bradycardia normal? - ANSWER In athletes and during sleep
What conditions does sinus bradycardia occur in response to? - ANSWER
Carotid sinus massage, hypoxia, hypothermia, increased vagal tone
What rhythms are common with MIs? - ANSWER Sinus bradycardia, sinus
tachycardia, PVCs, V-tach, V-fib
Which dysrhythmias lead to cardiac arrest? - ANSWER V-tach, V-fib, sinus
bradycardia
What assessment findings would you see with sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER
Hypotension, angina, cool/pale, weak, dizzy, syncope, confusion, shortness of
breath
What meds would you give for sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER Atropine,
epinephrine, cardioversion, pacemaker
What is characteristic of sinus arrhythmia? - ANSWER Heart beats increase with
respirations, decrease with expirations
, What does premature atrial contractions look like? - ANSWER Notched P wave,
irregular rhythm
How can you treat PACs? - ANSWER Reduce caffeine, give beta blockers
What does atrial fibrillation look like? - ANSWER No P waves, irregularly
irregular
What can A-fib lead to? - ANSWER Thrombus development and stroke
How is A-fib treated? - ANSWER Digoxin, CCB, beta blockers, coumadin,
amiodarone, propafenone, cardioversion, ablation
What does A-flutter look like? - ANSWER No P waves, sawtooth pattern
What is a risk with A-flutter? - ANSWER Stroke
How do you treat A-flutter? - ANSWER Diltiazem, digoxin, beta blockers,
amiodarone, propafenone, cardioversion, ablation
What do PVCs look like? - ANSWER Premature QRS, irregular rhythm
What is a major risk with PVCs? - ANSWER If it is initiated on a T wave the
patient can go into sudden cardiac death or asystole
How are PVCs treated? - ANSWER Give O2, electrolyte replacement, beta
blockers, procainamide, amiodarone, lidocaine
What does V-tach look like? - ANSWER A series of 3 or more PVCs
What is a common example of V-tach? - ANSWER Torsades de pointes
How do you treat V-tach? - ANSWER If stable: procainamide, stall, amiodarone,
lidocaine
If unstable: amiodarone, lidocaine, then cardioversion
If no pulse: CPR and rapid defibrillation, epinephrine, treat like V-fib
Is there a pulse with V-fib? - ANSWER No
How do you treat V-fib? - ANSWER CPR, ACLS, defibrillate
What occurs with systolic heart failure? - ANSWER Increased afterload
What occurs with diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER Decreased cardiac output
and stroke volume
Correct Answers
What is a common cause of PACs? - ANSWER Caffeine
How would you treat a patient in V-tach with no pulse? - ANSWER Like V-fib: give
CPR, ACLS, defibrillate
What is happening during the P wave? - ANSWER Atrial depolarization
What is happening during the QRS complex? - ANSWER Ventricular
depolarization
What is happening during the T wave? - ANSWER Ventricular Repolarization
What does sinus bradycardia look like? - ANSWER P & QRS normal, regular
rhythm, slower beats <60bpm
When is sinus bradycardia normal? - ANSWER In athletes and during sleep
What conditions does sinus bradycardia occur in response to? - ANSWER
Carotid sinus massage, hypoxia, hypothermia, increased vagal tone
What rhythms are common with MIs? - ANSWER Sinus bradycardia, sinus
tachycardia, PVCs, V-tach, V-fib
Which dysrhythmias lead to cardiac arrest? - ANSWER V-tach, V-fib, sinus
bradycardia
What assessment findings would you see with sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER
Hypotension, angina, cool/pale, weak, dizzy, syncope, confusion, shortness of
breath
What meds would you give for sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER Atropine,
epinephrine, cardioversion, pacemaker
What is characteristic of sinus arrhythmia? - ANSWER Heart beats increase with
respirations, decrease with expirations
, What does premature atrial contractions look like? - ANSWER Notched P wave,
irregular rhythm
How can you treat PACs? - ANSWER Reduce caffeine, give beta blockers
What does atrial fibrillation look like? - ANSWER No P waves, irregularly
irregular
What can A-fib lead to? - ANSWER Thrombus development and stroke
How is A-fib treated? - ANSWER Digoxin, CCB, beta blockers, coumadin,
amiodarone, propafenone, cardioversion, ablation
What does A-flutter look like? - ANSWER No P waves, sawtooth pattern
What is a risk with A-flutter? - ANSWER Stroke
How do you treat A-flutter? - ANSWER Diltiazem, digoxin, beta blockers,
amiodarone, propafenone, cardioversion, ablation
What do PVCs look like? - ANSWER Premature QRS, irregular rhythm
What is a major risk with PVCs? - ANSWER If it is initiated on a T wave the
patient can go into sudden cardiac death or asystole
How are PVCs treated? - ANSWER Give O2, electrolyte replacement, beta
blockers, procainamide, amiodarone, lidocaine
What does V-tach look like? - ANSWER A series of 3 or more PVCs
What is a common example of V-tach? - ANSWER Torsades de pointes
How do you treat V-tach? - ANSWER If stable: procainamide, stall, amiodarone,
lidocaine
If unstable: amiodarone, lidocaine, then cardioversion
If no pulse: CPR and rapid defibrillation, epinephrine, treat like V-fib
Is there a pulse with V-fib? - ANSWER No
How do you treat V-fib? - ANSWER CPR, ACLS, defibrillate
What occurs with systolic heart failure? - ANSWER Increased afterload
What occurs with diastolic heart failure? - ANSWER Decreased cardiac output
and stroke volume
