WGUc190 OA Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions
| Latest 2026 Update
Q: The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an
organism to become more suited to an environment.
Answer:
Adaptation-
Q: A process that requires oxygen.
Answer:
Aerobic-
Q: - Allele
Answer:
An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that encode eye
color-some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others encode brown, green, or
hazel eye colors (other alleles).
Q: A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic
acid group, and an "R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon
atom. The difference between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino
acid from another. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Answer:
amino acids -
Q: A process that occurs without oxygen.
Answer:
Anaerobic-
Q: A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also known as cell
reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister chromatids separate from each
other and ends when each set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the
opposite poles of the cell.
Answer:
Anaphase-
,Q: The third stage of Meiosis I-the two homologous chromosomes separate and
migrate toward opposite poles.
Answer:
anaphase I-
Q: The third stage in Meiosis II-the centromeres separate and the sister
chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of
the cell.
Answer:
anaphase II-
Q: Deliberate mating between two individuals who were selected based on
desired traits.
Answer:
artificial selection-
Q: A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from
a single parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes.
Bacteria
Answer:
asexual reproduction -
- and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner.
Q: The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken down without losing its
unique properties. One atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a
cloud of electrons.
Answer:
Atom-
Q: Describes a trait associated with alleles located on autosomes (non sex
chromosomes).
Answer:
Autosomal-
Q: A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
,Answer:
autosomal chromosome-
Q: The processes that transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic
components in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle,
the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Answer:
biogeochemical cycle-
Q: A large naturally occurring community of plants and animals occupying a
major habitat. Examples include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Answer:
Biome-
Q: A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where similar
environmental conditions lead to similar animal and plant adaptations.
Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
Answer:
Biomes-
Q: All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are capable of
supporting life.
Answer:
biosphere-
Q: son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that
take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is
light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured
from sunlight. Also called Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Answer:
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben
Q: The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate
groups attached to lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role
in giving a cell its identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
, Answer:
Carbohydrates-
Q: The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the
atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
Answer:
carbon cycle-
Q: A series of phases in the life of the cell through which it grows and divides.
Answer:
cell cycle-
Q: Protective and reinforcing structure found in certain cells, situated outside the
plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls are mainly built of peptidoglycan,
although they may also contain lipidic molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants
and fungi possess cell walls, made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
Answer:
cell wall-
Q: Use of oxygen to release energy from nutrients; also called aerobic
respiration.
Answer:
cellular respiration-
Q: A specific section of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell
division; also the connection point of sister chromatids.
Answer:
Centromere-
Q: A plant pigment used to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll
gives plants their green color because it absorbs red and blue light particularly
well, while reflecting green.
Answer:
Chlorophyll-
| Latest 2026 Update
Q: The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an
organism to become more suited to an environment.
Answer:
Adaptation-
Q: A process that requires oxygen.
Answer:
Aerobic-
Q: - Allele
Answer:
An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that encode eye
color-some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others encode brown, green, or
hazel eye colors (other alleles).
Q: A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic
acid group, and an "R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon
atom. The difference between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino
acid from another. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Answer:
amino acids -
Q: A process that occurs without oxygen.
Answer:
Anaerobic-
Q: A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also known as cell
reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister chromatids separate from each
other and ends when each set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the
opposite poles of the cell.
Answer:
Anaphase-
,Q: The third stage of Meiosis I-the two homologous chromosomes separate and
migrate toward opposite poles.
Answer:
anaphase I-
Q: The third stage in Meiosis II-the centromeres separate and the sister
chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of
the cell.
Answer:
anaphase II-
Q: Deliberate mating between two individuals who were selected based on
desired traits.
Answer:
artificial selection-
Q: A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from
a single parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes.
Bacteria
Answer:
asexual reproduction -
- and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner.
Q: The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken down without losing its
unique properties. One atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a
cloud of electrons.
Answer:
Atom-
Q: Describes a trait associated with alleles located on autosomes (non sex
chromosomes).
Answer:
Autosomal-
Q: A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
,Answer:
autosomal chromosome-
Q: The processes that transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic
components in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle,
the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Answer:
biogeochemical cycle-
Q: A large naturally occurring community of plants and animals occupying a
major habitat. Examples include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Answer:
Biome-
Q: A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where similar
environmental conditions lead to similar animal and plant adaptations.
Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
Answer:
Biomes-
Q: All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are capable of
supporting life.
Answer:
biosphere-
Q: son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that
take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is
light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured
from sunlight. Also called Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Answer:
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben
Q: The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate
groups attached to lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role
in giving a cell its identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
, Answer:
Carbohydrates-
Q: The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the
atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
Answer:
carbon cycle-
Q: A series of phases in the life of the cell through which it grows and divides.
Answer:
cell cycle-
Q: Protective and reinforcing structure found in certain cells, situated outside the
plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls are mainly built of peptidoglycan,
although they may also contain lipidic molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants
and fungi possess cell walls, made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
Answer:
cell wall-
Q: Use of oxygen to release energy from nutrients; also called aerobic
respiration.
Answer:
cellular respiration-
Q: A specific section of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell
division; also the connection point of sister chromatids.
Answer:
Centromere-
Q: A plant pigment used to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll
gives plants their green color because it absorbs red and blue light particularly
well, while reflecting green.
Answer:
Chlorophyll-
