GORDIS EPIDEMIOLOGY 6TH EDITION CELENTANO TEST BANK COMPLETE TEST BANK: CHAPTERS 1-20

GORDIS EPIDEMIOLOGY 6TH EDITION CELENTANO TEST BANK COMPLETE TEST BANK: CHAPTERS 1-20 ________________________________________ Chapter 01: Introduction ________________________________________ 1. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? A. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy B. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma C. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than age 1 year D. Physical therapy after a stroke E. Regular monitoring of blood pressure in hypertensive patients Answer: C Rationale: Vaccination for rotavirus is a classic example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease before it occurs. Primary prevention includes interventions such as immunizations, health education, and lifestyle modifications. Screening for gestational diabetes is secondary prevention (early detection), surgical amputation is tertiary prevention (reducing impact of existing disease), physical therapy after stroke is tertiary prevention, and blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients is secondary/tertiary prevention . ________________________________________ 2. Ignaz Semmelweis made a historic contribution to epidemiology by: A. Developing the first vaccine against smallpox B. Mapping the spread of cholera in London C. Demonstrating that handwashing reduced mortality from childbed fever D. Eradicating smallpox through global vaccination campaigns E. Discovering the germ theory of disease Answer: C Rationale: Ignaz Semmelweis observed that childbed fever mortality was higher among women treated by physicians and medical students compared to midwives. He implemented a handwashing policy that dramatically reduced mortality, demonstrating the importance of infection control before the germ theory was widely accepted . ________________________________________ 3. The disease eradicated through efforts organized by D.A. Henderson, building upon the work of Edward Jenner, was: A. Cholera B. Polio C. Smallpox D. Tuberculosis E. Measles Answer: C Rationale: Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796. D.A. Henderson led the World Health Organization's global smallpox eradication campaign, which successfully eliminated the disease in 1980. This remains one of the greatest achievements in public health history . ________________________________________ 4. John Snow is best known for his epidemiologic investigation of: A. Childbed fever B. Cholera outbreak in London C. Scurvy in sailors D. Puerperal sepsis E. Yellow fever in Panama Answer: B Rationale: John Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology for his investigation of the 1854 cholera outbreak in London. He mapped cases and identified the Broad Street pump as the source of contamination, demonstrating the waterborne transmission of cholera . ________________________________________ 5. Which of the following best describes tertiary prevention? A. Administering influenza vaccines to elderly patients B. Conducting mammography screening for breast cancer C. Providing rehabilitation services to stroke survivors D. Distributing condoms to prevent HIV transmission E. Screening newborns for phenylketonuria Answer: C Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease by restoring function and preventing complications. Rehabilitation services for stroke survivors is a prime example. Vaccination and condom distribution are primary prevention, while mammography and newborn screening are secondary prevention . ________________________________________ 6. The contribution of Edward Jenner to epidemiology was: A. Identifying the cause of puerperal fever B. Developing the first vaccine using cowpox to protect against smallpox C. Demonstrating the link between smoking and lung cancer D. Establishing the first epidemiology department at Johns Hopkins E. Discovering the cholera bacillus Answer: B Rationale: Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox. He developed the first vaccine by inoculating a boy with cowpox material, which protected against smallpox. This laid the foundation for modern immunology and vaccination . ________________________________________ 7. Secondary prevention is characterized by: A. Preventing disease through immunization B. Early detection and treatment of disease in asymptomatic stages C. Rehabilitation and disability limitation D. Health promotion and education E. Environmental modification to reduce exposure Answer: B Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection of disease in asymptomatic individuals through screening programs, allowing for timely intervention to prevent progression. Examples include cancer screening, blood pressure monitoring, and cholesterol testing . ________________________________________