Safety Updated Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
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Which areas of the body have rapid drug distribution? -ANSWER-Brain,
Heart, Liver, Kidneys
What is the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? -ANSWER-A protective barrier
that prevents many substances from entering the brain.
What is the main plasma protein that binds drugs? -ANSWER-Albumin
What happens to a drug when it is bound to albumin? -ANSWER-It is
inactive and too large to cross to the site of action.
What is metabolism in pharmacokinetics? -ANSWER-The chemical
transformation of the drug by the body, primarily in the liver.
What are CYP450 enzymes? -ANSWER-The liver's main drug-
metabolizing enzymes.
, What is a prodrug? -ANSWER-A drug that is given in an inactive form
and activated by liver metabolism.
What factors can decrease drug metabolism? -ANSWER-Cardiovascular
dysfunction, liver disease, renal insufficiency, starvation, obstructive
jaundice.
What is excretion in pharmacokinetics? -ANSWER-Elimination of the
drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys.
What is the definition of half-life? -ANSWER-The time it takes for 50%
of a drug to be eliminated from the body.
What is steady state in pharmacokinetics? -ANSWER-When the amount
absorbed equals the amount eliminated, resulting in consistent drug
concentration.
What effect does age have on drug excretion? -ANSWER-Older adults
experience decreased GFR by ~40-50%, leading to impaired elimination.
What is the effect of dehydration on drug excretion? -ANSWER-
Dehydration decreases urine output, leading to decreased drug
elimination.