HISTOLOGY NBME COMPREHENSIVE | Question and
Answer | 2026/2027 Complete Exam Review | Real
Exam Question Extracts | Grade A+
• B-galactosidase . CORRECT ANSWER: An enzyme located in lysosomes
breaks down lactose
-activity at the cell surface of enterocytes
• Enterocytes . CORRECT ANSWER: specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the
small intestine
• Merkels cells . CORRECT ANSWER: detect light touch and superficial pressure
• Langerhans cells . CORRECT ANSWER: special macrophages that serve as antigen-
presenting cells in the skin
• Types of collagen . CORRECT ANSWER: type 1 - bone
type 2- cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - basement membrane
• Respiratory flow . CORRECT ANSWER: Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Alevolar ducts
Alecolar sacs
• Tertiary bronchi . CORRECT ANSWER: source of the mucus
• Function of estrogen . CORRECT ANSWER: Female sex hormone
-produced a lot during follicle development
• 1. Atrophy
2. Hyperplasia
3. Hypertrophy
4. Hypoplasia
5. Metaplasia . CORRECT ANSWER: 1. cells die
2. get bigger in cell #
3. get bigger in size
4. incomplete development
5. cells change in shape abnormal
, • Which muscle cell component helps spread the depolarization of the muscle cell
membrane throughout the interior of muscle cells . CORRECT ANSWER: T-tubules
• Which cells make myelin in CNS and PNS? . CORRECT ANSWER: CNS =
oligodendrocytes
PNS = schwaan cells
• Microglial cells . CORRECT ANSWER: -Macrophages of the CNS
-They remove damaged neurons and infections and are important for maintaining the
health of the CNS.
• Kupffer cells . CORRECT ANSWER: -Macrophages of the liver
are found in the sinusoid of the liver
• Ependymal cells . CORRECT ANSWER: Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Which of the following nuclear structures is DNA actively transcribing to rRNA .
CORRECT ANSWER: Nucleolus
• "GAMED" IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD . CORRECT ANSWER: IgG = fetus to mother
placenta most common, most abundant
IgA = protects mucous
IgM = first responder on B cells
IgE = allergic reaction
IgD = on B cells
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome . CORRECT ANSWER: a condition in which a gastrin-
secreting tumour or hyperplasia of the islet cells (in the pancreas) causes
overproduction of gastric acid
-resulting in recurrent peptic ulcers
• 1. Parietal cells
2. Chief cells . CORRECT ANSWER: 1. secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic
factor - important for the absorption of vitamin B12
2. secrete pepsinogen then pepsin
*Both found in the fundus of the stomach, where the gastric glands are located*
• Carnitine . CORRECT ANSWER: -Plays a role in energy production.
-It transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can produce energy
• How do hepatocytes secrete proteins into the circulation . CORRECT ANSWER: they
transport in vesicles and exocytosis
Answer | 2026/2027 Complete Exam Review | Real
Exam Question Extracts | Grade A+
• B-galactosidase . CORRECT ANSWER: An enzyme located in lysosomes
breaks down lactose
-activity at the cell surface of enterocytes
• Enterocytes . CORRECT ANSWER: specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the
small intestine
• Merkels cells . CORRECT ANSWER: detect light touch and superficial pressure
• Langerhans cells . CORRECT ANSWER: special macrophages that serve as antigen-
presenting cells in the skin
• Types of collagen . CORRECT ANSWER: type 1 - bone
type 2- cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - basement membrane
• Respiratory flow . CORRECT ANSWER: Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Alevolar ducts
Alecolar sacs
• Tertiary bronchi . CORRECT ANSWER: source of the mucus
• Function of estrogen . CORRECT ANSWER: Female sex hormone
-produced a lot during follicle development
• 1. Atrophy
2. Hyperplasia
3. Hypertrophy
4. Hypoplasia
5. Metaplasia . CORRECT ANSWER: 1. cells die
2. get bigger in cell #
3. get bigger in size
4. incomplete development
5. cells change in shape abnormal
, • Which muscle cell component helps spread the depolarization of the muscle cell
membrane throughout the interior of muscle cells . CORRECT ANSWER: T-tubules
• Which cells make myelin in CNS and PNS? . CORRECT ANSWER: CNS =
oligodendrocytes
PNS = schwaan cells
• Microglial cells . CORRECT ANSWER: -Macrophages of the CNS
-They remove damaged neurons and infections and are important for maintaining the
health of the CNS.
• Kupffer cells . CORRECT ANSWER: -Macrophages of the liver
are found in the sinusoid of the liver
• Ependymal cells . CORRECT ANSWER: Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Which of the following nuclear structures is DNA actively transcribing to rRNA .
CORRECT ANSWER: Nucleolus
• "GAMED" IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD . CORRECT ANSWER: IgG = fetus to mother
placenta most common, most abundant
IgA = protects mucous
IgM = first responder on B cells
IgE = allergic reaction
IgD = on B cells
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome . CORRECT ANSWER: a condition in which a gastrin-
secreting tumour or hyperplasia of the islet cells (in the pancreas) causes
overproduction of gastric acid
-resulting in recurrent peptic ulcers
• 1. Parietal cells
2. Chief cells . CORRECT ANSWER: 1. secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic
factor - important for the absorption of vitamin B12
2. secrete pepsinogen then pepsin
*Both found in the fundus of the stomach, where the gastric glands are located*
• Carnitine . CORRECT ANSWER: -Plays a role in energy production.
-It transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can produce energy
• How do hepatocytes secrete proteins into the circulation . CORRECT ANSWER: they
transport in vesicles and exocytosis
