2026/2027 Latest Review Pack |
• Methyl red Positive and Negative example. -✓✓ Positive: E. coli
Negative: Kleb. pneumo
• Citrate Positive and Negative examples. -✓✓ Positive: Kleb. pneumo
Negative: E. coli
• VP and Citrate reactions for E. coli and Kleb. pneumo: -✓✓ E. coli: negative
Kleb. pneumo: positive
• Eosinophils in urine sediment indicate: -✓✓ acute interstitial nephritis
• What is measured in procainamide? -✓✓ N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA)
• Which microorganism is linked to glomerulonephritis? -✓✓ Post-streptococcal:
S. pyogenes Group A
• What diseases are linked to basophilic stippling? -✓✓ -beta thal major
-lead poisoning
• Organisms that must be worked on under the hood: -✓✓ -Brucella
-N. meningitidis
-Mycobacterium
, -Fungi and Molds
• Who discovered ABO groups? -✓✓ Karl Landsteiner
• Beer's Law states that: -✓✓ absorbance is directly proportional to the
concentration of substance in solution
• Positive and Negative Control for Oxidase. -✓✓ P. aeruginosa - pos
E. coli - neg
• Positive and Negative control for butyrate: -✓✓ Pos: M. catarhalis
Neg: N. gonorrhoeae
• How do you differentiate Group D Strep from enterococcus? -✓✓ -Both are Bile
Esculin pos
-6.5% NaCl: Gp D is neg
Enterococcus is pos
PYR: Enterococcus is pos
Group D is neg
• Major sources of ALP: -✓✓ Heat stability: Placenta>intestine>liver>bone
• ALP is elevated in: -✓✓ 1. bile duct obstruction (gallstone)
2. Cirrhosis
3. Hepatic tumors